This study aims to investigate the effects of sensory integration training on cognitive functions, quality of life, and social participation in older adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI)
Being between 65 and 85 years of age
Having a Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score between 18 and 25, indicating mild cognitive impairment
Being in stable medical health, with no history of severe neurological or psychiatric disorders
Voluntary participation
Clinical diagnosis of dementia or having moderate-to-severe cognitive impairment
Severe visual or hearing loss to a degree that prevents effective communication or participation in assessments
Presence of severe sensory, motor, or physical disabilities that render the intervention (e.g., walking or sensory training) impossible to perform
Acute medical conditions or having unstable chronic diseases that may pose a risk during physical activity.
Parallel
Aerobic Exercise
Other interventionThe aerobic exercise intervention consists of a 12-week outdoor walking program, performed twice weekly for 45 minutes per session at a moderate intensity, targeting a score of 12-14 on the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scale
Sensory Integration Training
Other interventionThe program includes activities that stimulate three main senses: vestibular (balance and movement), proprioceptive (body awareness), and tactile (touch). These exercises are designed to help the brain organize sensory signals more effectively to improve daily functions and cognitive performance.
Quick Mild Cognitive Impairment Screen - Turkish Version
Quick Mild Cognitive Impairment Screen - Turkish Version is a cognitive assessment tool consisting of six sub-headings covering at least five cognitive domains. The sub-headings and the cognitive domains they assess are defined as follows: 1. Orientation: (Questioning the country, year, month, day, and date - approx. 1 minute - 10 points) 2. Registration: (Working memory; repeating 5 given words - 30 seconds - 5 points) 3. Clock Drawing: (Visuospatial; drawing a clock within 1 minute - 15 points) 4. Delayed Recall: (Episodic memory; recalling the 5 previously mentioned words - 30 seconds - 20 points) 5. Verbal Fluency: (Semantic memory/language; naming animals within 1 minute - 20 points) 6. Logical Memory: (Episodic memory; repeating a short story - 1 minute - 30 points) Scoring and Interpretation The test is evaluated out of a total of 100 points, where higher scores indicate better cognitive status. A score of 62 points or below indicates cognitive impairment.
World Health Organization Quality of Life - Older Adults Module
World Health Organization Quality of Life-Old module is a specialized 24-item instrument designed to evaluate the quality of life in older adults across six distinct domains, utilized via a five-point Likert scale. These domains include sensory abilities, which assesses the impact of sensory functions and their loss on quality of life; autonomy, reflecting independence and the ability to live and make decisions autonomously; past, present, and future activities, which measures satisfaction with life achievements and outlook on the future; social participation, focusing on engagement in daily community activities; death and dying, addressing concerns and anxieties related to the end of life; and intimacy, evaluating the capacity for personal and private relationships. Each item is scored on a scale from 1.0 to 5.0, resulting in potential domain scores ranging from a minimum of 4 to a maximum of 20. A total cumulative score is calculated by summing the individual item v
Lubbes Social Network Scale-6
Lubbes Social Network Scale-6 is a specialized instrument comprising six items designed to evaluate the size of a social network, private communication (confiding), and the availability of reciprocal help. The scale is structured into two subscales, with three questions dedicated to family ties and three to friendship networks. Consistent with the original version, each item is rated on a six-point Likert scale ranging from 0 to 5. In this scoring system, individual scores of 0, 1, and 2 indicate a limited or deficient social network, whereas scores of 3, 4, and 5 signify a more extensive and robust social network. The total score is calculated by summing the values of all items, resulting in a range from 0 to 30. Higher total scores on the LSNS-6 are indicative of a greater presence of social network ties and more significant social engagement.
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