In this study, the investigators aim to provide a deeper understanding of Parkinson's disease and find a biomarker of Parkinson's disease. This is done using imaging scans called Positron Emission tomography (PET), Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT), and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). The findings will provide a deeper understanding of the brain changes in Parkinson's disease. More importantly, this study will help with the discovery and development of new medications aiming to delay progression of Parkinson's disease symptoms
Subjects must understand the nature of the study and must provide signed and dated written HRA-approved informed consent in accordance with local regulations before any protocol-specific screening procedures are performed;
Males and females, age 25-85 years, inclusive;
Women of child-bearing potential must use protocol-defined contraceptive measures and must have a negative β-hCG test at screening. For sexually active subjects (except females of non-childbearing potential-e.g., at least 2 years postmenopausal or surgically sterile), condoms should be used in addition to other birth control methods for the duration of the study and for 3 months after the last administration of PET or SPECT ligands. These patients must be willing to remain on their current form of contraception for the duration of the study. All male subjects must agree to refrain from donating sperm for the duration of the study and for 3 months after the last administration of PET or SPECT ligands. Sexually active male subjects must agree to use condoms to protect their partners from becoming pregnant for the duration of the study and for 3 months after the last administration of PET or SPECT ligands (i.e. for 15 consecutive months following baseline PET and SPECT scans); agree to ensure that they and their partners are routinely using a medically approved contraceptive method. It is important that male subjects not impregnate others for the duration of the study and for 3 months after the last administration of PET or SPECT ligands;
Able and willing to participate in all scheduled evaluations, abide by all study restrictions, and complete all required tests and procedures;
Subjects lacking capacity according to investigator judgement;
Subjects taking serotonin acting drugs such as antidepressants (i.e. tricyclic or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors etc.);
Pregnancy or breastfeeding or intent to become pregnant in the next 18 months;
Subjects with current or a recent history of drug or alcohol abuse/dependence;
A cohort of carriers of genetic mutations for familial forms of Parkinson's Disease, Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease patients, and previously collected data from healthy controls
Cohort
Cross-sectional
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scan using CIMBI-36 tracer
Other interventionThis scan creates images of regional serotonin release in by using a tracer compound called CIMBI to highlight the brains capacity to release serotonin.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Scan
Other interventionMRI (magnetic resonance imaging) uses magnets alongside radio waves to create pictures of the brain
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scan using DASB tracer
Other interventionTo create images of the brain using a tracer called DASB, which is a highly selective for serotonin transporters, this highlights serotonin terminals and neurons in the brain.
FP-CIT Single-photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) scan
Other interventionA single-photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) scan allows analysis of brain function by creating 3D Pictures using compounds called tracers.
Lumbar puncture
Other interventionA lumbar puncture invovles a thin needle is inserted between the bones in your lower spine using local anaesthetic. This allows the collection of Cerebrospinal fluid ( CSF)
DASB (a marker of Serotonin transporter) used to quantify in vivo pathology of serotonin
To quantify serotonergic pathology with \[11C\]3-amino-4-(2- imethylaminomethylphenylsulfanyl)-benzonitrile (DASB) Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
SPECT to measure brain molecular pathology
To quantify serotonergic pathology with \[11C\]DASB PET and dopaminergic pathology with Single-photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) to view structural and microstructural changes and structural connectivity.
CIMBI to measure serotonin release
CIMBI-36 can be interpreted to show serotonin release capacity both quantifiably and locational.
Movement Disorder Society- Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) To determine if there is a correlation with neuropsychological and behavioural evaluation.
A rating tool used to gauge the course of Parkinson's disease in patients
Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) to determine if there is a correlation with neuropsychological and behavioural evaluation
A cognitive screening test designed to assist in the detection of mild cognitive impairment. Scored out of 30.
Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) to determine if there is a correlation with neuropsychological and behavioural evaluation
Administered to detect cognitive issues \& brain disorders efficiently.
Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) to determine if there is a correlation with neuropsychological and behavioural evaluation
To be used in screening for organic cerebral dysfunction sored out of 110
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