Normally, after this surgery, skin is stitched in the usual simple way, with no quilting, and two drains are put in to remove serosa, one under the arm and one on the chest. In this study, the investigator will use a different type of stitch called a quilting stitch, which helps stick the skin to the chest muscle so there is less serosa collection. The investigator will compare two groups:
* Group A: Quilting stitches with two drains (one under the arm and one on the chest). * Group B: Quilting stitches with one drain only (under the arm).
All patients older than 18 years but less than 70 years of age,
Diagnosed with breast carcinoma.
All the patients undergoing upfront MRM,
All patients undergoing MRM post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Mastectomy & sentinel lymph node biopsy
Breast reconstruction surgery
Defect covering flaps
Parallel
Double drains will be placed
Procedure/SurgeryIn group A double drains will be placed, one in pectoral region and the other in axillary region.
A single drain will be placed
Procedure/SurgeryA single drain will be placed in axillary region.
Seroma Formation
Collection of fluid at the surgical bed, under the skin, confirmed by ultrasonography
Infection
any signs of infection e.g., Temperature, redness of the skin around incision site, increased total leukocyte count
Duration of drains
If there's no fluid or blood collecting in the drains and ultrasonography shows no collection at the surgical site under the skin, it shows the drains can be taken out
Post-operative pain
The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) is a validated, subjective, and continuous measurement tool for assessing pain intensity, discomfort, or severity. It consists of a 10-cm (100 mm) horizontal line, anchored by "no pain" and "worst imaginable pain". Patients mark the point representing their experience. Common Pain Intensity Classifications: 0-4 mm: No pain. 5-44 mm: Mild pain. 45-74 mm: Moderate pain. 75-100: Worst imaginable pain No pain \[------------------------------------------------\] Worst imaginable pain 0---1---2---3---4---5---6---7---8---9---10 Moderate Pain
Click on the lead sponsor to view all of their trials.
