About this trial
Chronic orofacial pain conditions (COFP) are associated with substantial physical and psychological burden and are best treated with multidisciplinary approaches combining psychological interventions and comprehensive orofacial pain care. Yet, important barriers prevent access to psychological interventions for COFP (e.g., lack of providers, financial resources). This study will assess the feasibility and acceptability of adapting a single two-hour telehealth-delivered group course, Empowered Relief (ER), which was created for heterogenous chronic pain condition, into a multidisciplinary COFP clinic. ER addresses many existing barriers to assessing psychological interventions for COFP as it is deliverable via telehealth, in a group format, within a single session. This study hypothesizes that ER will demonstrate adequate feasibility and acceptability among patients with COFP. Participants will be recruited over a 6-month period from patients evaluated for an initial appointment at the University of Kentucky Orofacial Pain Clinic (UKOPC). A randomized waitlist control design will be used to inform a future efficacy trial. Specifically, new patients seeking an initial appointment at the UKOPC will be introduced to the study, and if they consent, they will be randomly assigned to participate in the next available ER course (i.e., immediate group) or the ER course offered the subsequent month (i.e., waitlist control group). All participants will provide feasibility and acceptability data after receiving the intervention. Those assigned to immediate group will provide biopsychosocial functioning and outcome data at one, two, and four weeks following the pain course. Those assigned to the immediate control group will provide data one, two, and four weeks before the intervention for a comparison group. Data from this study will inform design decisions for a future efficacy trial.
Eligibility criteria
This trial does not accept healthy volunteersQualifiers
Must be in the state of Kentucky
Must be 18 years or older
Ability to read, write, and speak English
Experienced pain longer than 3 months
Disqualifiers
Suicidal ideation with intent in the last two weeks
Homicidal ideation with intent in the last 2 weeks
Mania symptoms in the past 6 months
Hypomania symptoms in the past 6 months
Trial design
Parallel
Treatments tested in this trial
Empowered Relief
BehavioralEmpowered Relief (ER) is a single-session, 2-hour pain management course designed with the purpose of assisting individuals with chronic pain to gain skills for self-pain management. ER is taught through a PowerPoint presentation which includes pain education, self-regulatory skills (i.e., relaxation, cognitive reframing, and self-soothing), and mindfulness skills, all grounded in pain-CBT theory (Darnall et al., 2021). The intervention will be delivered by a certified Empowered Relief instructor.
Treatment groups
Trial outcomes
Primary outcomes
Recruitment Rate
The number of patients who are consented into the study from the UK Orofacial Pain Clinic per month
Retention Rate
The number of patients who were consented into the study and completed the one month follow-up outcome survey
Client Satisfaction
Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ) 8 items on a 4 point likert scale. Higher scores on items 1, 3, 6, 7, likert scale equate to greater satisfaction. Higher scores on items 2, 4, 5, and 8 likert scale equate to lower satisfaction.
Empowered Relief Post Course Survey
Empowered Relief Post-Course Survey 5 items on a 6 point Likert scale. Higher scores equate to greater satisfaction with Empowered Relief course, content, and practice.
Secondary outcomes
PTSD Symptoms
The PTSD Symptom Checklist (Past Month) (PCL-5) will assess if the participant has experienced a traumatic event as defined by the DSM-5-TR and if they have experienced PTSD symptoms in the past month related to the event. The PCL-5 is a 20 item questionnaire with each item rated on a 5-point likert scale ranging from 0 - 4. Higher scores equate to greater intensity and interference of PTSD symptoms.
Headache Impact
The Headache Impact Test (HIT-6) 6 item questionnaire evaluates pain intensity, life interference, and psychological distress due to headaches. Items are rated on a 5 point likert scale. Higher scores equate greater headache impact.
PTSD Symptoms (Past Two Weeks)
The PTSD Short Form (PCL-5-SF) are administered to participants who indicate having experienced a trauma. The PCL-5-SF is a 4 item questionnaire on a 5 point likert scale. Higher scores equate to greater PTSD symptoms.
Pain Self Efficacy
The Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ-2) includes two items with a 6 point likert scale. Lower scores equate to less pain self-efficacy.
Sponsors and contacts
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