Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia is a serious infection associated with a high mortality rate (with or without associated infective endocarditis (IE)), long hospital stays and multiple complications, due to the terrain in which it occurs and its secondary localization. They may be community-acquired or healthcare-associated infections. Being a carrier of S. aureus is a known risk factor for S. aureus bacteremia. Although several mucosal sites of carriage have been described, screening for carriage is most often carried out at the nasal level, both for reasons of simplicity and because it is the predominant site of carriage of this bacterium. However, S. aureus carriage is a frequent occurrence, affecting around 1/3 of the general population.
Bacteremia
Patient affiliated or entitled to a social security plan
Patient who has signed a consent form to participate in the study.
Antibiotic therapy in place for more than 5 days at the time of inclusion
Nasal decolonization of S. aureus within 12 months
Pregnant or breast-feeding women
Patients under guardianship
Patients treated at St-Etienne University Hospital with bacteremia with or without IE. Patients will be assigned to the experimental group in the case of S. aureus bacteremia (whether or not associated with an IE), or to the control group in the case of bacteremia caused by a pathogenic bacterium other than S. aureus (whether or not associated with an IE).
Cohort
Prospective
Nasal swab
Diagnostic testNasal swab to detect nasal carriage of S. aureus
Venous sampling
Biological/VaccinePeripheral venous sampling to collect peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
Antibiotic treatment
Biological/VaccineAntibiotic treatment for bacteremia (+/- 1 month), in all patients with S. aureus
Nasal swab
DeviceA new nasal swab will be taken using the same technique, to see whether or not the carriage persists
Intracellular reservoir test
Biological/VaccineIn the event of positive carriage, a new intracellular reservoir test will be performed. A search for relapse (new S. aureus infection) or recurrence (S. aureus bacteremia if the 1st bacteremia was due to another pathogen) will be carried out.
Number of intracellular S. aureus carriers at nasal level research
Number of intracellular S. aureus carriers at nasal level research in patients with S. aureus bacteremia associated or not
Number of intracellular S. aureus carriers at nasal level research
In-hospital mortality rate (%)
In-hospital mortality rate directly related to infection (septic shock, multivisceral failure, death during surgical management related to infection) during bacteremia
Mean duration of S. aureus bacteremia (Day)
Average number of secondary localizations of S. aureus bacteremia
Clinically diagnosed, or on examination carried out as part of the extension work-up performed as part patient management (Scan, echocardiography, scintigraphy, etc.)
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