In this study, wearable multi-modal microsensors were deployed to simultaneously capture seismocardiography (SCG) and electrocardiography (ECG) signals, delineating the exercise-load-dependent responsiveness of SCG-ECG dynamic coupling during graded-speed treadmill protocols.
Age 18-60 years
Healthy individuals with no significant medical history
Signed informed consent as an acceptance to participate to the trial
History of severe cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, pulmonary, hepatic, renal, psychiatric, or other critical systemic disorders
Peripheral vascular diseases, musculoskeletal disorders, or other conditions limiting physical mobility
Uncontrolled hypertension (systolic blood pressure >140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure >90 mmHg)
History of anemia
Single group
Multiple speed increments from 3km/h to 8km/h on a treadmill
BehavioralHealthy participants will undergo a fixed experimental protocol of multi-stage treadmill speed walking/running wearing microsensors and a respiratory/metabolic testing mask.
Changes in Seismocardiography (SCG) Signal Amplitude (m/s²)
Peak-to-peak amplitudes of Seismocardiography (SCG) signals will be measured using a triaxial accelerometer (sampling rate: 500 Hz). The primary parameter assessed is the signal amplitude in meters per second squared (m/s²) per cardiac cycle. Values will be averaged over 30-second artifact-free epochs during rest and exercise stages.
Changes in Electrocardiogram (ECG) R-R Intervals (ms)
R-R intervals, measured in milliseconds (ms), will be derived from a single-lead Electrocardiogram (ECG) recording (sampling rate: 250 Hz). The specific parameter assessed is the time duration between consecutive R-waves. R-peaks will be auto-detected and confirmed by amplitude and slope thresholds. Data will be averaged over 30-second epochs synchronized with SCG signals.
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