1\. Explore the expression level of immune checkpoint VISTA in peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with cardiovascular risk factors; 2. Discuss the correlation between different risk factors (mainly hypertension, diabetes, smoking, hyperlipidemia, hyperhomocysteinemia, etc.) and the expression level of immune checkpoint VISTA in peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with cerebrovascular diseases and immune-inflammatory related diseases of the nervous system; 3. Explore the correlation between different immune inflammatory factors (IL1, IL6, IL10, INFγ, TNFα) and the expression level of immune checkpoint VISTA in peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid of patients; 4. Track and explore the dynamic changes of immune checkpoint VISTA in peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with cardiovascular risk factors in 3 months, 1 year, 3 years, and 5 years.
The study included 100 subjects, including 50 patients with VCI and 50 normal controls. The diagnosis of VCI was based on the diagnostic criteria for psychiatric disorders in the fifth revised edition of the "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders" of the American Psychiatric Association;
All relevant examination and cognitive testing work in this study obtained informed consent from the subjects and their families.
None
We retrospectively enrolled consecutive patients with cardiovascular risk factors from the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University.
Case-control
Retrospective
Neuropsychological testing
Diagnostic testThe primary outcomes were Mini-Mental State Examination and Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores for screening of cognitive decline, which are recommended by NINDS-AIREN. The secondary outcomes included the performance in five cognition domains: (1) verbal memory, Hopkins Verbal Learning Test ; (2) visual-spatial ability, Clock Drawing test; (3) executive function, Trail Making test (TMT) (B time); (4) attention, TMT (A time); and (5) language tests, Boston Naming test2 (BNT-2)
Patient characteristics
VISTA expression in PBMCs in the VCI and control groups
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