This randomized and prospective trial aims to evaluate the implementation of a rapid recovery protocol for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in a hospital serving patients from the Brazilian Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde - SUS). The study will compare outcomes between two groups: patients receiving care under the rapid recovery protocol and those following the standard institutional care.
Primary Objective:
Compare postoperative hospital stay between the rapid recovery group and the usual care group.
Secondary Objectives:
Assess morbidity and mortality between both groups.
Evaluate patient satisfaction using validated tools.
Analyze incremental costs associated with both approaches.
Assess healthcare teams' learning progression regarding the protocol (Kirkpatrick method).
Evaluate adherence to rapid recovery protocol metrics by healthcare teams.
Measure changes in patient safety culture among healthcare professionals.
Hypothesis:
The null hypothesis assumes no difference in hospital stay between the two groups. The alternative hypothesis suggests that the rapid recovery protocol will reduce hospital stay compared to the standard care. Previous findings from Mejia et al. (2022) indicated a 40% reduction in postoperative hospital stay (from 13 to 7.8 days) for cardiac surgery patients under a rapid recovery protocol at the Heart Institute (InCor HCFMUSP).
This trial will provide critical insights into the applicability of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) principles in cardiac surgery within the context of public healthcare, aiming to improve outcomes and optimize resource use.
Adult patients (>18 years old)
Undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with elective or urgent status
Signed informed consent form (ICF)
Emergency patients
Severe ventricular dysfunction (ejection fraction <30%)
Renal impairment (creatinine clearance <30 mL/min)
Atrial fibrillation or need for oral anticoagulation
Parallel
Tempos Certos protocol
BehavioralImprove the enhanced recovery by using the Tempos Certos Protocol by the multiprofissional team , using interventions known by science and recommended by scientists.
Postoperative hospital stay
Count of time between admission to the intensive care unit and hospital discharge (in hours and days).
Number of participants with cardiac reoperation, deep sternal wound infection/mediastinitis, stroke, prolonged ventilation, renal failure, or death within 30 days after surgery (morbimortality)
Incidence of key morbidities and mortality, including cardiac reoperation, deep sternal wound infection/mediastinitis, stroke, prolonged ventilation, renal failure, and death.
Patient-reported Patient-reported quality of life (SF-36)
Quality of life assessed by SF-36 survey before surgery and 30 days after hospital discharge. Scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better quality of life.
Patient-reported Anxiety and depression (HADS)
Assessment of anxiety and depression using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Scores range from 0 to 21 for both anxiety and depression subscales, with higher scores indicating greater levels of anxiety or depression.
Patient experience (HCAHPS)
Assessment of patient experience using the Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) survey.
Kirkpatrick Evaluation Model
Assessment of healthcare professionals' training and behavioral changes using the four levels of the Kirkpatrick Evaluation Model: Level 1 (Reaction): Assessed participant satisfaction/motivation via a 5-question Likert scale survey (3-point scale: strongly agree, partially agree, strongly disagree) at three time points: before the project, after training and five pilot cases, and after completing randomized recruitment. Level 2 (Learning): Evaluated knowledge improvement through a questionnaire (7 multiple-choice questions and 3 true/false questions) at the same time points as Level 1. Level 3 (Behavior): Measured adherence to protocol metrics after five pilot cases and at the conclusion of randomized recruitment. Minimum adherence target: 70%. Level 4 (Results): Assessed project outcomes, specifically a 40% reduction in postoperative hospital stay with 70% protocol adherence at the end of randomized recruitment.
Patient Safety Culture (HSPSC)
Evaluation of patient safety culture among healthcare professionals using the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSPSC), comprising 42 items across 12 dimensions: Teamwork within units Organizational learning/continuous improvement Supervisor/manager expectations/actions promoting safety Hospital management support for patient safety Overall perception of safety Feedback and communication about error Communication openness Frequency of event reporting Teamwork across units Staffing Handoffs and transitions Non-punitive response to errors Responses will be collected on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from "strongly disagree" or "never" to "strongly agree" or "always." Scores will be classified into three categories: Strengthened areas (≥75% positive responses) Potential improvement areas (\<75% and \>50% positive responses) Fragile areas (≤50% positive responses)
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