The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of an AI dental monitoring intervention on patients' periodontal disease, preventive behaviors and motivation. This randomized controlled trial included experimental group: AI group (EG-A), AI-humanized group (EG-B) and control group(CG), respectively.
The EG-A and EG-B received AI dental monitoring intervention by taking mouth image at home once a week for six month. Baseline and follow-up surveys were used to collect the data in oral health related quality of life,periodontal parameters, periodontal preventive behaviors and motivation.
Age between 35-65 years old
Diagnosed periodontal disease by dentist (Comprehensive Periodontal Treatment Project)
More than 16 functional teeth
Have received periodontal treatment within 3 months
Patient has disease related to periodontal disease (ex. Drug-related excessive gum growth or blood clotting problems, pregnancy, mental illness)
Disability patients
Parallel
The AI-assisted tool used in this study was called Dental Monitoring (DM).
BehavioralDM is the first APP system used in orthopedics patients in the world,it has been widely used in Asian countries (Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Japan,etc.) and has been used by 2140 patients so far. DM allows patients to take in-mouth photos at home, and uses AI as a background analysis to evaluate the patient's current oral condition (including oral hygiene and gum status) based on the photo.
gingival index (GI)
The gingival inflammation status of 6 tooth was recorded using the gingiva index, as follows: 0 = No inflammation. 1. = Mild inflammation, slight change in color, slight edema, no bleeding on probing 2. = Moderate inflammation, moderate glazing, redness, bleeding on probing 3. = Severe inflammation, marked redness and hypertrophy, ulceration, tendency to spontaneous bleeding. For each patient, GI will measured by the teeth 12,16,24,32,36,44
gingival index (GI)
The gingival inflammation status of 6 tooth was recorded using the gingiva index, as follows: 0 = No inflammation. 1. = Mild inflammation, slight change in color, slight edema, no bleeding on probing 2. = Moderate inflammation, moderate glazing, redness, bleeding on probing 3. = Severe inflammation, marked redness and hypertrophy, ulceration, tendency to spontaneous bleeding. For each patient, GI will measured by the teeth 12,16,24,32,36,44
gingival index (GI)
The gingival inflammation status of 6 tooth was recorded using the gingiva index, as follows: 0 = No inflammation. 1. = Mild inflammation, slight change in color, slight edema, no bleeding on probing 2. = Moderate inflammation, moderate glazing, redness, bleeding on probing 3. = Severe inflammation, marked redness and hypertrophy, ulceration, tendency to spontaneous bleeding. For each patient, GI will measured by the teeth 12,16,24,32,36,44
plaque index (PI)
The plaque status of 6 tooth was recorded using the plaque index, as followes: 0 = No plaque 1. = Thin film of plaque, scraped with explorer 2. = Moderate amount of plaque, visible with naked eyes 3. = Abundance of soft matter within the gingival pocket and/or on the tooth and gingival margin. For each patient, PI will measured by the teeth 12,16,24,32,36,44
Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) scores
Item including that "I think periodontal disease is a serious disease" * If I do not have periodontal disease prevention behavior, the risk of developing periodontal disease in the future is very high" * If I stick to periodontal disease prevention behavior, it will improve my oral health" * I believe that I can follow the periodontal health guidance" * I find it hard to remember/hard to do periodontal health care guidance" * Periodontal disease bothers me" * I want to complete my personal periodontal disease prevention behavior plan" All the items' scores ranged from one to ten, with higher scores indicating a higher level of motivation toward change behaviors. Cronbach's α was 0.70 for this scale. The scores ranged from one ("impossible") to ten ("very possible"), with the total possible score ranging from seven to seventy
Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) scores
Item including that "I think periodontal disease is a serious disease" * If I do not have periodontal disease prevention behavior, the risk of developing periodontal disease in the future is very high" * If I stick to periodontal disease prevention behavior, it will improve my oral health" * I believe that I can follow the periodontal health guidance" * I find it hard to remember/hard to do periodontal health care guidance" * Periodontal disease bothers me" * I want to complete my personal periodontal disease prevention behavior plan" All the items' scores ranged from one to ten, with higher scores indicating a higher level of motivation toward change behaviors. Cronbach's α was 0.70 for this scale. The scores ranged from one ("impossible") to ten ("very possible"), with the total possible score ranging from seven to seventy
Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) scores
Item including that "I think periodontal disease is a serious disease" * If I do not have periodontal disease prevention behavior, the risk of developing periodontal disease in the future is very high" * If I stick to periodontal disease prevention behavior, it will improve my oral health" * I believe that I can follow the periodontal health guidance" * I find it hard to remember/hard to do periodontal health care guidance" * Periodontal disease bothers me" * I want to complete my personal periodontal disease prevention behavior plan" All the items' scores ranged from one to ten, with higher scores indicating a higher level of motivation toward change behaviors. Cronbach's α was 0.70 for this scale. The scores ranged from one ("impossible") to ten ("very possible"), with the total possible score ranging from seven to seventy
oral self-care behavior
Item including that: "How many times do you brush your teeth a day?" The response was (once or twice day or three times or fours times or more/ day). "How long do you usually brush your teeth each time?" The response was lower than 1 min or 1-2 min or 2-3 min or more than 3 min/ day. "What is your main method of brushing your teeth?"The response was horizontally or vertically or Circle brush or Rotating brush or Horizontal+vertical+ and by the gum at a 45 degree angle. "How often do you replace your toothbrush?" The response was 3-6 month or more than 6 month or lower than 1 month or 1-2 month or 2-3 month. "Do you use a soft-bristled toothbrush?" The response was no or unknown or yes. "Do you have a habit of using interdental brushes?" The response was no or yes. "Do you have a habit of eating snack?" The response was no or yes.
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