This study aims to evaluate the effect of foot reflexology on premenstrual syndrome symptoms, quality of life, and comfort levels among university students with premenstrual syndrome. The study will be conducted as a randomized controlled experimental study. Participants will be assigned to intervention and control groups. The intervention group will receive 30-minute foot reflexology sessions four times a month for three months, while the control group will receive no intervention. The outcomes will be assessed before and after the intervention.
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Foot Reflexology Massage
BehavioralFoot reflexology massage will be administered to participants in the intervention group for 3 months, with 4 sessions per month. Each session will last 30 minutes, for a total of 12 sessions,
The effect of foot reflexology massage on Premenstrual Syndrome Symptoms
In this study, the Premenstrual Syndrome Scale, developed by Gençdoğan in 2006 and whose validity and reliability have been analyzed, will be used to determine the level of PMS and PMS symptoms. The PMS Scale is a 44-item, 5-point Likert-type scale with nine sub-dimensions (Never, Very little, Sometimes, Frequently, Constantly). "Never" is interpreted as 1 point and "Constantly" as 5 points. The PMS Scale is scored by summing the scores for the nine sub-dimensions and the total score obtained from all sub-dimensions. The lowest possible score on the scale is 44, and the highest is 220. A higher score indicates more severe PMS symptoms. A score greater than 50% of the maximum possible 220 on the scale indicates the presence of PMS. In this case, individuals scoring 111 or higher on the PMSQ are evaluated for PMS symptoms. It is concluded that the intensity and severity of PMS symptoms increase proportionally with the increasing scores.
The effect of foot reflexology massage on quality of life.
The Premenstrual Syndrome-Specific Quality of Life Scale, developed by Hadavi Bavili and İlçioğlu in 2024 and whose validity and reliability analysis has been conducted, will be used. This scale, consisting of 22 items covering three sub-dimensions-emotional, physical, and social-is scored using reverse coding. The PMS Scale is a 22-item, 5-point Likert-type, single-dimensional scale (Strongly disagree, Disagree, Undecided, Agree, Strongly agree). A minimum score of 22 and a maximum score of 110 can be obtained. It is a scale that shows how PMS symptoms experienced by women affect their quality of life from a holistic perspective. Here; Questions 1-11: Social well-being dimension; Questions 12-18: Emotional dimension; Questions 19-22: Physical dimension.
The effect of foot reflexology massage on overall comfort
The "General Comfort Scale Short Form", adapted into Turkish by Çıtlık Sarıtaş et al. (2018) and subjected to validity and reliability analysis, will be used. The General Comfort Scale Short is a 28-item, 6-point Likert-type, one-dimensional scale (Strongly Disagree "1" and Strongly Agree "6"). Items containing negative statements are reverse-coded. Sub-dimensions of the General Comfort Scale Short Form: Kolcaba conducted studies on comfort theory and explained this theory through dimensions and levels. The sub-dimensions are; The Comfort Scale consists of three sub-dimensions: Relaxation (state of contentment, calmness, or satisfaction), Overcoming (a state where one has overcome their pain or problems), and Relief (a patient's state of having a specific need met) (Kolcaba, 2003; Çınar, 2011; Kolcaba, 1992; Karabacak and Acaroğlu, 2011). The GKÖ-KF (Generalized System of Comfort) was developed by Kolcaba in 2006. Comfort comprises three sub-dimensions: relaxation (9 items), overcomin
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