This randomized, single-blind controlled trial aims to investigate the effectiveness of Body Awareness Therapy (BAT) on pain, functional limitations, and psychosocial outcomes in individuals with temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD). TMD is characterized by orofacial pain, impaired jaw function, and increased psychosocial burden, yet current physiotherapy approaches may not fully address the biopsychosocial mechanisms underlying these symptoms. BAT is a structured mind-body physiotherapy intervention designed to improve postural awareness, interoceptive sensitivity, breathing regulation, and movement control.
In this study, participants will be randomly assigned to either BAT or a standard physiotherapy control intervention for a defined treatment period. Primary outcomes will include pain intensity and jaw functional limitations, while secondary outcomes will assess body awareness, anxiety, stress, and quality of life. Evaluations will be conducted at baseline and post-intervention. The findings of this trial may provide evidence for integrating biopsychosocial and awareness-based physiotherapy into TMD rehabilitation.
None
None
Parallel
Body Awareness Therapy
BehavioralBody Awareness Therapy
Standard Physiotherapy
Other interventionStandard Physiotherapy
Jaw Functional Limitation Scale (JFLS)
Jaw functional limitation assessed by the Jaw Functional Limitation Scale (JFLS). Change in jaw-related functional limitation measured using the Jaw Functional Limitation Scale (JFLS), a validated self-report questionnaire assessing limitations in mastication, jaw mobility, and verbal communication. The total score ranges from 0 to 200, with higher scores indicating greater functional limitation (worse outcome).
Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
Change in anxiety and depression levels measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), a validated 14-item self-report questionnaire. The anxiety (HADS-A) and depression (HADS-D) subscales are each scored from 0 to 21, with higher scores indicating greater symptom severity (worse outcome).
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