The study will investigate the (1) additive and synergistic effects of tDCS and aerobic exercise on cognitive function and clinical symptoms in schizophrenia, and (2) neurophysiological mechanisms (mediators) underlying these effects.
Schizophrenia spectrum disorders;
Aged from 18 to 65.
Chinese-speaking (to enable cognitive testing).
Ability to understand the nature of the study and to give informed consent.
Severe physical illness (Myocardial Infarction, Hypertension, Fracture, Spinal problems in which exercise with mild-to-moderate intensity may be contraindicated).
Comorbid diagnoses of organic brain syndrome, substance misuse, history of epilepsy or seizure, intellectual disability, significant head trauma, active suicidal ideation or self-harm behaviors.
Known pregnancy, or other contraindication to tDCS or MRI (e.g., have a cardiac/heart pacemaker, brain aneurysm clips, any implanted metallic or electrical device, or any internal metal foreign objects).