Study Type and Aim:
This clinical study aims to examine the effects of haptonomy practices on appreciation of bodily functionality and childbirth self-efficacy among healthy pregnant women. The study seeks to determine whether haptonomy can enhance these two outcomes.
Key Research Questions:
Do haptonomy practices increase appreciation of bodily functionality in pregnant women? Do haptonomy practices increase childbirth self-efficacy in pregnant women?
Comparison:
Researchers will compare an intervention group receiving haptonomy sessions with a control group receiving only routine prenatal care to evaluate the effects of the intervention.
Participants will:
Participants will provide written informed consent to take part in the study. Pregnant women in the intervention group will attend four haptonomy sessions, each lasting approximately 45 minutes and held at 7-day intervals. Sessions will include practices to enhance body awareness, relaxation techniques, connecting with the baby, and affirmations supporting bodily functionality and childbirth self-efficacy.
Pregnant women in the control group will receive routine prenatal care and follow-up only.
All participants will complete pretest and posttest measures assessing appreciation of bodily functionality and childbirth self-efficacy.
Keywords: Haptonomy, Vaginal birth, Pregnancy, Prenatal care, Body functionality appreciation, Birth self-efficacy
Aged 18 years or older
Spontaneous pregnancy at 28 weeks of gestation
Primiparous (first pregnancy)
Able to read and write in Turkish
Any health problems in the mother or fetus
History of complications during pregnancy
Diagnosed psychiatric disorders or use of psychiatric medication
Any physical, mental, or cognitive disabilities
Parallel
Haptonomy
BehavioralPregnant participants will receive a four-session haptonomy intervention, each lasting approximately 45 minutes. The sessions aim to enhance body awareness, reduce childbirth-related anxiety, and support birth self-efficacy. The intervention includes breathing exercises, relaxation techniques, and activities promoting maternal-fetal interaction.
The sociodemographic characteristics of the participants and their homogeneous distribution according to the experimental and control groups
Pregnancy Introductory Form: The pregnancy introductory form, developed based on the literature, was designed to evaluate the demographic and obstetric characteristics of individuals during pregnancy, their birth preferences, fears, social support status, and similar factors. The form consists of a total of 15 questions.
Body Functionality Appreciation Scale:
This unidimensional 7-item scale measures individuals' appreciation of their body's functionality. It evaluates psychological aspects such as body functionality awareness, body positivity, and body acceptance. The scale is scored on a 5-point Likert scale (1=Strongly disagree, 5=Strongly agree), with total scores ranging from 7 to 35. Higher scores indicate a greater level of appreciation and respect for what one's body can do. The Turkish adaptation reported a Cronbach's alpha of 0.83.
Birth Self-Efficacy Inventory:
This inventory measures self-efficacy levels during labor. It consists of two subscales: outcome expectancy (OE) and efficacy expectancy (EE), each containing 16 items. Total scores range from 32 to 320. Responses are rated on a 1-10 Likert scale. In the OE subscale, 1 means "not at all useful" and 10 means "very useful." In the first 13 items of the EE subscale, 1 means "completely sure" and 10 means "not at all sure," while items 14-16 are scored in reverse: 1 means "not at all sure" and 10 means "completely sure." Items 1-13 of the EE subscale are reverse-scored. The overall Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient of the inventory is 0.82.
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Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University
Lead sponsor
Ondokuz Mayıs University
Sponsor institution
Ondokuz Mayıs University
Collaborator
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