About this trial
Mental fatigue (MF) is known to impair cognitive performance and may negatively affect physical performance. While its effects on lower-extremity functional performance have been investigated, little is known about the influence of MF on upper-extremity physical performance tests commonly used in sports and rehabilitation settings. This randomized crossover study will investigate the effects of experimentally induced mental fatigue on upper-extremity physical performance in 16 healthy physically active adults. Participants will complete both a mental fatigue condition, involving a prolonged Stroop task, and a control condition consisting of watching an emotionally neutral documentary. Before and after each condition, participants will perform the Upper Quarter Y Balance Test, Reactive Upper Quarter Y Balance Test, Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test, and Seated Single-Arm Shot Put Test. Subjective mental fatigue, cognitive performance, motivation, and perceived exertion will also be assessed. The findings will improve understanding of whether mental fatigue influences upper-extremity physical performance test outcomes and may assist clinicians and researchers in interpreting these assessments in sports medicine and rehabilitation contexts.
Eligibility criteria
This trial accepts healthy volunteersQualifiers
Age between 18 and 35 years
Healthy (no neurological, cardiovascular or musculoskeletal disorders of any kind)
Male or female
No prior knowledge of the concept of mental fatigue
Disqualifiers
Previous major upper limb injury (last 6 months)
Involvement in another concurrent physical or cognitive intervention study
Use of caffeine and heavy efforts 24 hours prior each trial
Suffering from colour vision deficiencies
Trial design
Crossover
Treatments tested in this trial
Mental Fatigue
BehavioralMental fatigue (MF) is a psychobiological state characterized by feelings of tiredness and/or a measurable decline in performance following prolonged or intense cognitive activity.
Treatment groups
Trial outcomes
Primary outcomes
Reactive Upper Quarter Y Balance Test
Measures visuomotor reaction time, reaching accuracy, and balance errors during a reactive upper quarter Y balance test performed under visual stimuli conditions.
Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test
Assesses upper-extremity muscular endurance and stability by counting the number of alternating hand touches performed in a 15-second push-up position task.
Upper Quarter Y Balance Test
Evaluates dynamic upper-extremity reach performance and composite score based on normalized reach distances in three directions.
Seated Single-Arm Shot Put Test
Measures upper-extremity explosive power based on throwing distance of a 6-lb medicine ball.
Secondary outcomes
Subjective Mental Fatigue
Subjective Mental Fatigue measured using the Mental Visual Analog Scale (M-VAS). The scale ranges from 0 to 100, where 0 indicates no mental fatigue and 100 indicates the highest level of mental fatigue imaginable. Higher scores indicate worse mental fatigue.
Go/No-Go Task
Assesses executive function using a computerized Go/No-Go task. Outcomes include reaction time (milliseconds) and response accuracy (percentage of correct responses, ranging from 0% to 100%). Higher accuracy indicates better executive function performance, while shorter reaction times indicate better performance.
Motivation State
Assesses task-related motivation using the Assessment of Motivational States in Performance Environments questionnaire. The questionnaire includes two 7-item subscales: Interest Motivation and Success Motivation. Higher scores indicate greater task engagement, interest in the task, and motivation to perform successfully.
Perceived Exertion
Assesses perceived exertion using the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale. Scores range from 6 to 20, with higher scores indicating greater perceived exertion.
Sponsors and contacts
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Izmir Bakircay University
Lead sponsor
Vrije Universiteit Brussel
Collaborator
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