The research aims to compare the differences between stable and unstable load conditions during shoulder pressing in overhead athletes with SAPS and to compare the differences between SAPS and healthy athletes with stable and unstable load conditions.
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Participants were recruited from sports-related venues.
Case-only
Cross-sectional
stable load shoulder press
BehavioralParticipants performed a shoulder press using a barbell loaded at their individual 15-repetition maximum
Unstable load shoulder press
BehavioralParticipants performed a shoulder press using a unstable loaded at their individual 15-repetition maximum
Scapular kinematics (degrees) during shoulder elevation measured by VIPER™ system
Scapular upward rotation, posterior tilt, and external rotation angles (in degrees) were recorded during shoulder press using the VIPER™ electromagnetic tracking system. Data were collected at 30°, 60°, 90°, and 120° of humeral elevation, and reported as mean values for each angle.
Surface electromyography (TeleMyo2400T G2, Noraxon USA Inc., Scottsdale, AZ, USA)
Muscle activation of upper trapezius, lower trapezius, serratus anterior, anterior deltoid, biceps brachii, triceps brachii, rectus abdominis, erector spinae during shoulder press
Barbell trajectory (measured with camera)
The trajectory was captured by attaching reflective markers to the end of the barbell and recording kinematic data at a sampling frequency of 60 Hz using a camera.
Shoulder average pain intensity
Pain is measured with Visual Analogue scale (VAS) Score range from 0 to 10. Scoring of 0 represents no pain and scoring of 10 represents pain as bad as it could possibly be.
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