THE EFFECT OF USİNG DİSTRACTOR CARDS AND THERMOCHROMİC CARDS ON PAİN, FEAR, ANXİETY AND PROCEDURE TİME İN CHİLDREN RECEİVİNG INHALER THERAPY.
Respiratory illnesses in children are a leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide. Organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) report that millions of children are hospitalized each year due to respiratory illnesses (He, Wang, \& Zhang, 2025). A large proportion of these illnesses are caused by viral agents, and pathogens such as Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), influenza, and rhinoviruses pose serious health threats to young children (Chen, Zhang, \& Li, 2024).
This study will be one of the rare studies in pediatric nursing that examines the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions that can be applied during inhaler therapy in young age groups. The findings will contribute to nurses developing effective methods to reduce the negative emotions experienced by children during treatment. Furthermore, the first-ever use of thermochromic cards in this context in pediatric nursing will provide an innovative perspective on pediatric nursing practices.
H0: Thermochromic cards and distraction cards used during inhaler therapy have no effect on pain, fear, anxiety levels, or processing time.
Thermochromic cards used during inhaler therapy:
H1: reduce the child's pain. H2: reduce the child's fear. H3: reduce the child's anxiety level.
H4: shorten the child's processing time. Distraction cards used during inhaler therapy:
H5: reduce the child's pain. H6: reduce the child's fear. H7: reduce the child's anxiety level. H8: shorten the child's processing time.
The child must be between 4-6 years old,
The child must be receiving inhaler treatment,
The child must not have received IV or IM intervention before inhaler treatment,
The child's oxygen saturation must be 95% or higher,
The child must have a cognitive or mental problem,
The child must have special needs in terms of hearing, vision and/or speech,
The child must have a life-threatening condition,
The child's oxygen saturation level must be below 95%,
Parallel
thermochromic card
Other interventionDistraction with thermochromic card
distraction card
Other interventionA distraction card is a visual aid used during medical procedures to reduce a child's perception of pain and fear by diverting their focus away from the procedure and towards the card.
Fear level before, during, and after inhalation therapy assessed by the Child Fear Scale (ÇKÖ)
Fear level will be assessed using the Child Fear Scale (ÇKÖ), a self-report scale consisting of six facial expressions and scored from 0 to 10 in increments of two points. Higher scores indicate greater levels of fear.
Pain intensity before, during, and after inhalation therapy assessed by the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale
Pain intensity will be measured using the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale, which consists of six facial expressions scored from 0 to 10, where higher scores represent greater pain intensity.
Anxiety level before, during, and after inhalation therapy assessed by the Child Anxiety Scale-State (ÇAS-D)
Anxiety level will be assessed using the Child Anxiety Scale-State (ÇAS-D), a thermometer-shaped self-report scale developed for children aged 4-10 years. Higher marked levels indicate higher state anxiety.
Duration of inhalation therapy
Procedure duration will be recorded in minutes from the start to the completion of inhalation therapy.
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Muhammed Ata Nur GEÇER
Lead sponsor
Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa
Sponsor institution
Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Research and Training Hospital
Collaborator
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