The Effectiveness of Basic Body Awareness Therapy in Individuals With Pes Planus
ConditionPes Planus
Trial statusRecruiting
Trial phaseNot applicable
Trial typeInterventional
Biological sexAll
Age18-45
SponsorMardin Artuklu University
About this trial
This study investigates whether adding Basic Body Awareness Therapy (BBAT) to Short Foot Exercises (SFE) improves pes planus, balance, and body awareness in adults with flexible pes planus. Fifty participants aged 18-45 will be randomly assigned to either a BBAT + SFE group or an SFE-only control group. The interventions will last eight weeks with supervised sessions twice weekly and additional home exercises. Outcomes will be measured before, after, and two months post-intervention.
Eligibility criteria
This trial does not accept healthy volunteersQualifiers
Aged 18-45 years
Willing to participate in the study
Flexible pes planus (Navicular Drop ≥10 mm and positive Jack's Toe Raise Test)
Disqualifiers
Pain in lower extremity joints
Obesity (BMI >30)
Pregnancy
Systemic, neuromuscular, or neurological disorders
Trial design
Design model
Parallel
Treatments tested in this trial
Basic Body Awareness Therapy (BBAT)
BehavioralParticipants will perform Basic Body Awareness Therapy (BBAT) combined with SFE for 8 weeks. BBAT sessions are 45 minutes, twice weekly in small groups under a certified physiotherapist. Exercises target postural control, motor coordination, body awareness, balance, and functional movement, progressing from supine to sitting, standing, and walking positions. After each BBAT session, participants perform SFE following the same progression as the Control Group.
Short Foot Exercises (SFE)
BehavioralParticipants will perform Short Foot Exercises (SFE) for 8 weeks. Sessions are twice weekly under physiotherapist supervision in small groups (3-8 participants) and 5 days/week at home. Exercises progress from sitting (weeks 1-2), standing (weeks 3-4), single-leg (weeks 5-6), to functional activities (weeks 7-8). Each session lasts \~20 minutes, 3 sets of 10 reps with 1-minute rest. Participants receive instruction on proper technique and adherence is monitored online
Treatment groups
50 Participants
are divided into 2 treatment groupsGroup A: BBAT GroupExperimental treatment 2 interventions
Group B: Control GroupActive comparator 1 intervention
Trial outcomes
Primary outcomes
1
Navicular Drop Test
Assessment of medial longitudinal arch height to determine presence and severity of pes planus. Test performed in both sitting (non-weight-bearing) and standing (weight-bearing) positions. Difference ≥10 mm indicates pes planus.
Time frame
Baseline (pre-intervention), post-intervention (8 weeks), follow-up (2 months after intervention)2
Dynamic Balance
Y Balance Test measuring reach distance in anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral directions. Results normalized to leg length.
Time frame
Baseline, post-intervention (8 weeks), follow-up (2 months)3
Proprioception
Active and passive joint position sense of the ankle measured with digital goniometer. Eyes closed; angular error from target angle recorded.
Time frame
Baseline, post-intervention (8 weeks), follow-up (2 months)4
Light Touch Sensation
Semmes-Weinstein Monofilament Test at seven foot reference points. Threshold of sensation recorded.
Time frame
Baseline, post-intervention (8 weeks), follow-up (2 months)Secondary outcomes
1
Foot Function Index - Pain Subscale
The Pain subscale of the Foot Function Index (FFI) assesses foot pain during daily activities. It includes 9 items rated on a 0-10 Likert-type scale. Higher scores indicate worse pain.self-rate 23 items using a visual analog scale.
Time frame
Baseline, post-intervention (8 weeks), follow-up (2 months)2
Foot Function Index - Disability Subscale
The Disability subscale of the Foot Function Index (FFI) evaluates difficulty in performing functional activities. It contains 9 items scored on a 0-10 Likert-type scale. Higher scores indicate greater disability.
Time frame
Baseline, post-intervention (8 weeks), follow-up (2 months)3
Foot Function Index - Activity Limitation Subscale
The Activity Limitation subscale of the Foot Function Index (FFI) measures limitations in essential daily activities. It consists of 5 items rated on a 0-10 Likert-type scale. Higher scores indicate greater activity limitation.
Time frame
Baseline, post-intervention (8 weeks), follow-up (2 months)4
Foot Function Index - Total Score
The Total Score of the Foot Function Index (FFI) is calculated by combining all pain, disability, and activity limitation items (23 items in total). Each item is rated on a 0-10 Likert-type scale. The total score reflects the overall foot-related functional status, with higher scores indicating worse function.
Time frame
Baseline, post-intervention (8 weeks), follow-up (2 months)Sponsors and contacts
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Source ClinicalTrials.gov