About this trial
This study aims to investigate the effects of a 12-week aerobic (cardio) exercise intervention in people with Major Depressive Disorder.
Measurements taken before, during, and following the 12-week intervention will include assessments of cognition, cardiorespiratory fitness, stress, mood and emotion, and gut bacteria.
Eligibility criteria
This trial does not accept healthy volunteersQualifiers
Be able to give written informed consent.
Be between 18 and 59 years of age.
Be in generally good health as determined by the investigator (excluding Major Depressive Disorder diagnosis).
Community dwelling with a current diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder, and current depression episode/symptoms as determined via Beck's depression inventory-II (score 13-31).
Disqualifiers
Change of pharmacological therapy less than 2 weeks prior to beginning of study (including beginning pharmacological treatment).
Have a significant acute or chronic coexisting illness [cardiovascular, gastrointestinal (GI) [including functional GI disorders, inflammatory bowel disease, coeliac disease], immunological, psychiatric [to include formal/clinical diagnosis or as determined via participant self-report i.e., bipolar spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, or psychosis, but not anxiety disorder], neurodevelopmental or neurodegenerative disorders, metabolic disorders [to include type I or II diabetes], or any condition which contraindicates, in the investigators judgement, entry to the study (including conditions which may prevent an individual from safely participating in low-to-moderate exercise intensities (57-76% heart rate max [HRmax], rating of perceived exertion [RPE]:9-13 (13))-i.e., cardiorespiratory disease[s]).
Have a malignant disease or any concomitant end-stage organ disease.
Having a condition or taking a medication that the investigator believes would interfere with the objectives of the study, pose a safety risk, or confound the interpretation of the study results; to include anti- inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids, laxatives, enemas, proton-pump inhibitors, antibiotics, or probiotics (within 1 month of starting study), anti-coagulants, thrombocyte-aggregation blocking medication(s) and over-the counter non-steroidal analgesics. Participants should have a wash-out period of four-weeks of the above-mentioned medication to be eligible for participation.
Trial design
Parallel
Treatments tested in this trial
Aerobic Exercise
BehavioralAerobic exercise intervention will involve multiple exercise sessions completed (unsupervised) by participants. Exercise programs will be given to participants, matched to their current level of fitness as determined via a maximal cardiorespiratory fitness test, and will be adjusted via progressive overload every 1-2 weeks by an exercise and sports science professional.
Treatment groups
Trial outcomes
Primary outcomes
Depression symptom change
Depression symptoms measured via self-report questionnaire (Beck's Depression Inventory-II).
Negative and positive affect change
Negative and positive affect, measured via self-report positive affect negative affect schedule.
Gut microbiota change
Gut microbiota, measured via sequencing of stool samples (including measures of diversity, composition, and function).
Cognitive performance: affective perceptual bias
Emotional bias, measured via Emotional bias task via CANTAB.
Secondary outcomes
Cardiorespiratory fitness change
Cardiorespiratory fitness, measured via VO2max test.
Cognitive performance: Psychomotor function
Reaction time, simple and multi-choice measured via CANTAB.
Cognitive performance: Attention
Rapid Visual Information Processing, measured via CANTAB.
Cognitive performance: Executive Function
Measured via One Touch stockings of Cambridge task, in CANTAB
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