This interventional study will investigate the effects of stroboscopic visual conditions on gait patterns and lower limb muscle activation in adults with chronic ankle instability (CAI). CAI often results in impaired sensorimotor control, leading to altered gait strategies such as slower walking speed, shorter step length, and increased visual reliance. Stroboscopic glasses intermittently restrict visual input, potentially reducing visual dependence and enhancing proprioceptive feedback.
Participants will complete walking trials under three randomized visual conditions: high-frequency stroboscopic, low-frequency stroboscopic, and no-glasses control. Gait parameters will be measured using the GAITRite system, and surface electromyography (sEMG) will record activation of the tibialis anterior, peroneus longus, and gastrocnemius muscles. Findings may provide insight into sensorimotor adaptation mechanisms and inform rehabilitation strategies to improve functional stability in individuals with CAI.
Individuals with a Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT) score of less than 24
Individuals diagnosed with ankle sprain or instability within the past 6 months
Individuals who have undergone lower limb surgery or experienced a fracture due to ankle trauma within the past 6 months
Individuals with systemic diseases, such as cardiovascular disorders, that may affect balance
Individuals who have difficulty understanding or following instructions during assessment or training
Single group
Stroboscopic Visual Conditions
BehavioralParticipants will perform walking trials under three visual conditions: high-frequency stroboscopic glasses, low-frequency stroboscopic glasses, and no-glasses control. Each participant will complete three 5-meter walking trials per condition, with the order of conditions randomized. Gait parameters will be recorded using the GAITRite walkway system, and muscle activity will be measured using surface electromyography.
Change in Gait Velocity (cm/s) Under Different Stroboscopic Visual Conditions
Gait velocity will be measured using the GAITRite system under three visual conditions: high-frequency stroboscopic, low-frequency stroboscopic, and no stroboscopic. Each participant will perform three walking trials per condition over a 5-meter walkway. The average gait velocity (cm/s) will be calculated for each condition.
Change in Step Length (cm) Under Different Stroboscopic Visual Conditions
Step length will be measured using the GAITRite system under three visual conditions. The average value (cm) will be calculated for each condition.
Change in Step Width (cm) Under Different Stroboscopic Visual Conditions
Step width will be measured using the GAITRite system under three visual conditions.
Change in Swing Phase (%) Under Different Stroboscopic Visual Conditions
Swing phase duration as a percentage of the gait cycle will be measured using the GAITRite system under three visual conditions.
Change in Single Limb Support (%) Under Different Stroboscopic Visual Conditions
Single limb support duration as a percentage of the gait cycle will be measured.
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