About this trial
This case-control study will examine whether adolescents aged 12-18 years with a diagnosis of primary headache are more likely to experience elevated social anxiety compared to matched healthy controls. Social anxiety will be assessed using the SAS-A, and the study will also explore whether environmental and sociodemographic factors such as tobacco smoke exposure, BMI, and parental education influence this relationship.
Eligibility criteria
This trial does not accept healthy volunteersQualifiers
Adolescents aged 12-18 years
Case group: Participants who will be diagnosed with primary headache according to InternationalClassification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition (ICHD-3) criteria, confirmed by a pediatric neurologist
Control group: Participants who will have no history of recurrent headache or chronic physical/psychiatricillness
Disqualifiers
History of neurological disease other than primary headache
Any previously diagnosed psychiatric disorders
Regular use of psychotropic medications
Cognitive or developmental disabilities that would interfere with assessments
Trial population
Case group: Participants who will be diagnosed with primary headache according to InternationalClassification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition (ICHD-3) criteria, confirmed by a pediatric neurologist Control group: Participants who will have no history of recurrent headache or chronic physical/psychiatricillness
Trial design
Case-control
Prospective
Treatments tested in this trial
Not listed
Trial groups
Trial outcomes
Primary outcomes
Total score on the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS-A)
The SAS-A, a self-administered 22-item Likert-scale questionnaire
Secondary outcomes
Prevalence of clinically significant social anxiety (SAS-A = 50)
Classification based on SAS-A total score cut-off
Body Mass Index (BMI) differences between groups
BMI calculated as kg/m²
Parental smoking status
Self-report from caregiver; statistical comparison of SAS-A scores by smoking exposure
Locations
Sponsors and contacts
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