The study aims to examine the relationship between the non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHHR) and CKD in patients with DM.
Adults aged ≥18 years
Diagnosed cases of diabetes mellitus (Type 1 or Type 2), with or without diabetic nephropathy
Willingness to participate and provide informed consent
Known non-diabetic causes of chronic kidney disease
Acute kidney injury
Chronic inflammatory or autoimmune diseases
Current use of medications known to significantly alter lipid metabolism (other than standard lipid-lowering therapy, if applicable)
Adult patients with DM attending the internal medicine outpatient clinics and inpatient department.
Other
Cross-sectional
Not listed
Association between the non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHHR) and the presence of diabetic nephropathy.
Diabetic nephropathy defined as urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) ≥30 mg/g and/or estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) \<60 mL/min/1.73 m², measured at enrollment. The non-HDL cholesterol to HDL cholesterol ratio (NHHR) will be calculated from fasting lipid profile obtained at the same visit.
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This trial is not recruiting at the moment. You can still explore other options:
