Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) and the leading non-traumatic cause of neurological disability in young adults. Historically considered a T-cell-mediated disease, the paradigm for MS has shifted thanks to the efficacy of therapies targeting B cells. The investigators recently identified FCRL5 as a B-cell-specific biomarker that is significantly elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with relapsing-remitting MS and is independently associated with an increased risk of developing new MRI lesions within two years of diagnosis (ref. Deltombe et al., PMID: 41004694). This project aims to further explore FCRL5 as a prognostic biomarker, study the role of FCRL5-expressing B cells in MS pathogenesis and the effects of disease-modifying therapies on these subsets.
Male or female
Between 18 and 80 years of age
Diagnosed with MS according to the most recent McDonald criteria (2025)
Patients who are about to start a new MS treatment or switch treatments
No recent relapse (during the 3 months prior to study enrollment)
Patients treated with corticosteroids (during the 3 months prior to study enrollment)
Patients receiving another immunosuppressive therapy unrelated to MS
Inability to sign the informed consent form
Patients with MS and healthy controls
Case-control
Prospective
A blood test every 6 months for MS patients.
Other interventionA blood test every 6 months for MS patients : Day1, Month 6, Month 12 and Month 24
A single blood draw for the healthy volunteer
Other interventionA single blood draw for the healthy volunteer
A single blood draw for the group of volunteers with Sjögren's syndrome
Other interventionA single blood draw for the group of volunteers with Sjögren's syndrome
Characterization of the phenotype of peripheral CD19⁺CD11c⁺FCRL5⁺ B lymphocytes in patients with MS
Characterization of the activity of peripheral CD19⁺CD11c⁺FCRL5⁺ B lymphocytes in patients with MS
Immunological role of CD19⁺CD11c⁺FCRL5⁺ B cells in the pathogenesis of MS.
Correlations in the participants' clinical, biological, radiological profiles and the immunological characteristics
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