The goal of this observational study is to learn whether personality traits are related to eye side effects from glaucoma medications in adults who currently use or previously used these medications.
The main questions this study aims to answer are:
Are certain personality traits associated with the occurrence or severity of eye side effects from glaucoma medications? Do personality traits differ between people who experience these side effects and those who do not?
Participants will complete a questionnaire that measures five personality traits: openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. They will also provide basic demographic information. The researchers will review participants' medical records to collect information about their glaucoma medications and any related eye side effects, including the type and frequency of side effects and whether treatment was changed because of them.
Participation involves one session lasting approximately 30 minutes. Questionnaires may be completed securely online or in person at the clinic. The study will include approximately 352 adults. No treatment will be assigned or changed as part of this study.
Age 18 years or older.
Diagnosis of glaucoma.
Current or previous treatment with one or more glaucoma medications.
Able to provide informed consent.
Uncontrolled anxiety or depression that was present before glaucoma medication treatment began.
Unable to provide informed consent.
Unable to complete the study questionnaires in English or French.
Approximately 352 adults with glaucoma who are currently receiving or have previously received treatment with one or more glaucoma medications will be recruited from the McGill Academic Eye Centre and the Lachine Hospital Ophthalmology Clinic. Participants will be classified into two groups: Cases: Participants with at least one documented ocular adverse effect from a glaucoma medication that resulted in discontinuation of the medication. Controls: Participants without a documented significant ocular adverse effect resulting in medication discontinuation. Approximately 176 participants will be included in each group
Case-control
Prospective
No Interventions
Other interventionThere is no intervention
Difference in Five-Factor Model neuroticism scores between participants with and without significant ocular adverse reactions
Neuroticism will be measured using the neuroticism domain of the Five-Factor Model personality questionnaire. Mean neuroticism scores will be compared between: Cases: participants who experienced at least one ocular adverse effect from a glaucoma medication that resulted in discontinuation of the medication. Controls: participants who did not experience a significant ocular adverse effect resulting in medication discontinuation. Higher neuroticism scores indicate a higher level of the neuroticism personality trait.
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