Thoracolumbar Fascia Thickness in Chronic Stroke Patients

Ultrasonographic Assessment

In this study, ultrasonography will be used to assess the thickness of the thoracolumbar fascia in participants. Participants will be assessed in a comfortable prone position. A physical therapist trained in musculoskeletal ultrasonography will measure the thickness of the thoracolumbar fascia at standard anatomical landmarks. During measurements, care will be taken to ensure the probe is placed perpendicularly and steadily against the muscle tissue, and the images will be optimized and recorded to ensure accurate measurement of muscle thickness. Data obtained will be expressed in millimeters and recorded along with the participants' age, gender, and other demographic information.

Sit-and-Reach Test

This study will be used to assess the flexibility of participants' hamstrings and lumbar extensors. This test is a standardized assessment method that measures how far a person can reach in a seated position with their legs straight, typically using a flexibility box or tape measure. Participants will be asked to sit with their legs straight and lean forward, with their feet resting on the measuring box or wall, without bending their knees. They will be asked to touch their toes as far forward as possible. The farthest point they reach will be recorded in centimeters. The test will be repeated twice, and the best performance will be considered. The resulting values will be used in analyses as an indicator of participants' trunk and lower extremity flexibility levels.

Functional Reach Test

This test is a simple and reliable method for measuring static balance, measuring the maximum distance in centimeters a person can extend their arm forward while standing. The participant is asked to stand parallel to a wall, make a fist with their arm flexed 90 degrees at shoulder height, and reach forward as far as possible without losing their balance or lifting their feet off the ground. The distance between the initial toe position and the maximum reach position is recorded. The test will be repeated three times, and the best performances will be evaluated.

Timed up Go Test

The test assesses functional mobility and balance. The participant rises from a chair, walks 3 meters, turns, walks back to the chair, and sits down. The duration of this activity is recorded with a stopwatch. The test can be performed with the individual's usual assistive devices to ensure safety. Multiple attempts are usually required to ensure optimal performance.