Neurogenic overactive bladder (nOAB) is a common and distressing sequela following stroke, significantly impairing quality of life and imposing a substantial financial burden. Existing pharmacological options often present adverse effects, while standard non-pharmacological treatments, such as pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT), face compliance and efficacy limitations in individuals with functional impairments. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique capable of modulating neuronal excitability and cortical plasticity. Targeting the supplementary motor area (SMA) via tDCS may regulate pelvic floor muscle (PFM) and detrusor activities. However, clinical evidence evaluating tDCS as an adjuvant to PFMT for stroke survivors with nOAB is lacking. This randomized controlled pilot trial aims to evaluate the feasibility, preliminary effectiveness, and cost-utility of active tDCS combined with PFMT compared to sham tDCS plus PFMT in stroke survivors suffering from nOAB.
Aged between 18-80 years with onset of stroke within one and twelve months of enrollment and having overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms;
Experiencing moderate (scoring 6-11 points on the Overactive Bladder Symptom Score [OABSS]) to severe OAB (scoring ≥ 12 points on OABSS);
Obtaining a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score of ≥ 24.
Presence of metallic implants in the cranium, intracardiac lines, increased intracranial pressure, cardiac pacemaker, cochlear implants, tumour, and skull abnormalities;
Family history of epilepsy/seizures;
Contraindications to transcranial magnetic stimulation.