This study aims to address the gap by investigating the correlation between body composition and metabolism in adult and older Filipino endurance and strength athletes. It seeks to offer significant insights that can guide age- and sport-specific training programs, nutritional strategies, and health interventions adapted to the requirements of Filipino athletes. The results may help enhance the wider discussion on fostering healthy aging and athletic longevity in the Philippines.
Male or female athletes aged 20-40 (early and mid-adults) and 60-69 (older adults)
Natural-born Filipinos with maternal and paternal Filipino heritage
Current and former national and professional athletes, actively participating in endurance or strength sports events or recreational sports events
Current off-season athletes undergoing training or former professional athletes who played <3 years ago
Unable to comprehend and answer the questions
Presence of metal implants and/or pacemaker
Has limited mobility and a history of orthopedic surgery (that may limit their mobility)
With medically diagnosed severe diseases that could affect body composition or metabolism (i.e., cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, renal diseases, thyroid disorders)
The participants will include both athletes and non-athletes, comprising early and mid-adults aged 20-40 and older adults aged 60-69. The athletes will consist of endurance athletes (those engaged in sports like running, swimming, and cycling, among others) and strength athletes (those engaged in weightlifting).
Case-control
Cross-sectional
Not listed
Fat Mass in kilograms and percentage
Fat mass will be measured using the Bioelectric Impedance Analyzer (BIA), the Dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) Machine, Deuterium Dilution Technique (DDT), ultrasound technology, and air displacement method.
Fat-Free Mass in kilograms and percentage
Fat-free mass will be measured using the Bioelectric Impedance Analyzer (BIA), the Dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) Machine, Deuterium Dilution Technique (DDT), ultrasound technology, and air displacement method.
Resting Metabolic Rate in kilocalories per day
Resting Metabolic Rate Energy expenditure at rest will be measured using an indirect calorimeter (COSMED Fitmate, Rome, Italy) in the fasting state (10-12 hours).
Activity Energy Expenditure in kilocalories
Active energy expenditure will be measured using an indirect calorimeter (COSMED K5). They will follow an Incremental Step Test using a cycle ergometer. The participants will be assisted by a researcher during the familiarization phase wherein the KOPS Approach and Familiarization to the equipment will be held. The KOPS Approach must have their legs at least right angle, knees and arms should not be over extended. Make sure that the feet of participants are sealed onto the pedal pads. Participants will be instructed to maintain a pedaling rate of 40-60 revolutions per minute (rpm). Each stage of the test will last three minutes, with the workload increasing progressively until the participant reaches fatigue or test termination
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Food and Nutrition Research Institute, Philippines
Lead sponsor
Philippine Council for Health Research & Development
Collaborator
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