After major surgery, fluid overload is associated with an increase of morbidity and mortality.
Fluid administration should therefore be given wisely. However, there is a paucity of monitor to predict preload dependence in paediatric anaesthesia.
The aim of this study is to determine if VTI variation, measured through the suprasternal window, with a cardiac doppler probe, can predict preload dependence.
Indeed, cardiac probe are present in most operating room and suprasternal window is reachable in most surgical case, which should allow VTI monitoring for the vast majority of our patient.
Patient under 18 admitted to paediatric operating room for a surgical intervention, an endoscopy, an interventional radiology procedure or an imagery and needing a general anaesthesia.
Condition preventing a suprasternal ultrasound (tracheostomy, spinal immobilization, suprasternal bandage)
Pathology disturbing respiratory variation of left ventricular stroke volume (PAH, constrictive pericarditis, pericardial effusion, right ventricular dysfunction, complex congenital heart disease, aortic coarctation, patent ductus arteriosus
Every medical condition where Berry's rule of fasting compensation could be unsafe (anuric kidney failure, oedema, heart failure with reduce left ventricular ejection fraction, patient under vasoactive drugs
Opposition to the participation in the study
Patient under 18 admitted to paediatric operating room for a surgical intervention, an endoscopy, an interventional radiology procedure or an imagery and needing a general anaesthesia
Cohort
Prospective
Measurement of aortic Vmax and VTI with suprasternal doppler.
Diagnostic testMeasurement of aortic Vmax and VTI with suprasternal doppler. Measurement of VTI variation and cardiac output after general anaesthesia. After preoperative fasting compensation, measurement of cardiac output (CO). Search of a difference in the suprasternale VTI variability between the patients who have increased their CO after fasting compensation and the patient who haven't.
Aortic VTI variation (%) measured by suprasternal doppler in percent of mean aortic VTI.
Proportion of patient (%) in whom we can use suprasternal aortic measurements.
Optimal threshold of aortic VTI variation (%) measured by suprasternal doppler to determine wether the patient is preload dependant or independent as defined above.
Optimal threshold of aortic VTI variation (%) measured by suprasternal doppler to determine wether the patient is preload dependant or independent as defined above (more than 10% increase of cardiac output measured by transthoracic ultrasound after a 10mL/kg perfusion of cristalloids OR not).
Correlation between : - fasting duration in hours, determined by patient or parent interrogation. - preload dependence as defined above. More than one outcome measure appears to be described.
Correlation between : * fasting duration in hours, determined by patient or parent interrogation. * preload dependence as defined above (increase of 10% or more of stroke volume measured by transthoracic ultrasound after a 10mL/kg perfusion of cristalloids). More than one outcome measure appears to be described.
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