About this trial
The female genital tract microbiome may reflect female reproductive health and may be related to pregnancy outcomes. Disturbances in this microbiome may be associated with adverse reproductive outcomes. The investigators hypothesize that the endometrial and vaginal microbiome composition in women with a history of recurrent pregnancy loss are different, compared with those in normal fertile women.
Eligibility criteria
This trial accepts healthy volunteersQualifiers
Recurrent pregnancy loss patients
18-38 years old
Having a regular menstrual cycle, from 25 to 35 days
Having ≥ 2 recurrent pregnancy loss and
Disqualifiers
Irregular menstrual cycle
Having uterine abnormalities (e.g., adenomyosis, intrauterine adhesions, unicornuate/ bicornuate/ arcuate uterus; unremoved hydrosalpinx, endometrial polyp, submucosal fibroid)
Using intrauterine device within the last 3 months
Using antibiotic/vaginal pessary/contraceptive pills within 2 weeks
Trial population
For RPL women: having ≥ 2 recurrent pregnancy loss. For NF women: having ≥ 1 live birth, with no history of pregnancy loss
Trial design
Cohort
Prospective
Treatments tested in this trial
Vaginal swab and endometrial biopsy
Other interventionA vaginal swab (DNA/RNA shield collection tube with swab - Zymo Research, CatNo R1107) and endometrial biopsy (Endobrush® - Lab CCD, Paris, France) will be obtained during 18th - 22nd day of the menstrual cycle.
Treatment groups
Trial outcomes
Primary outcomes
Midluteal bacterial composition of endometrium in women with recurrent pregnancy loss and control group
Bacterial composition in the endometrium in midluteal phase are analysed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing
Secondary outcomes
Midluteal bacterial composition of vagina in women with recurrent pregnancy loss and control group
Bacterial composition in the vaginal in midluteal phase are analysed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing
Phylogenetic tree of endometrial microorganisms in women with recurrent pregnancy loss and control group
Phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences
Phylogenetic tree of vaginal microorganisms in women with recurrent pregnancy loss and control group
Phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences
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