This study evaluates whether an immersive virtual reality (VR) version of the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test can accurately measure functional mobility in adults with chronic non-specific low back pain.
The standard TUG test measures the time needed to stand up from a chair, walk 3 meters, turn around, walk back, and sit down. In the VR version (VR-TUG), participants perform the same movements while wearing a VR headset that displays a virtual environment.
We will examine: (1) whether VR-TUG results are similar to the standard TUG, (2) whether VR-TUG is reliable when repeated about one week later, and (3) whether VR-TUG performance is associated with pain, disability, and fear of movement.
Participants will complete questionnaires (VAS, ODI, and TSK), perform standard TUG and VR-TUG at baseline, and repeat VR-TUG 7 ± 2 days later. Results will help determine whether VR-based functional mobility testing is a practical assessment tool for people with chronic low back pain.
Age 18 to 55 years.
Clinician-diagnosed chronic non-specific low back pain (pain duration ≥ 3 months).
Applied to Selcuk University Medical Faculty Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation outpatient clinic with low back pain complaint.
Able to walk independently and safely perform the Timed Up and Go (TUG) and VR-TUG tests (with or without usual assistive device).
Red flag conditions or suspected specific pathology (e.g., fracture, tumor/metastasis, infection such as spondylitis/discitis).
Inflammatory back pain suggestive of conditions such as ankylosing spondylitis or sacroiliitis.
Significant radiculopathy or neurological deficit (dermatomal leg pain, marked weakness, reflex changes, sensory loss), clinically significant lumbar disc herniation, severe spinal stenosis, or spondylolisthesis grade II or higher.
Prior lumbar spine surgery.
Adults aged 18-55 years with clinician-diagnosed chronic non-specific low back pain who present to the Selcuk University Medical Faculty Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation outpatient clinic and meet the eligibility criteria.
Case-only
Prospective
Not listed
Virtual Reality Timed Up and Go (VR-TUG) Completion Time
Time (in seconds) to complete the VR-adapted Timed Up and Go test while wearing a head-mounted display, including standing from a chair, walking 3 meters, turning 180°, walking back, and sitting down.
Timed Up and Go (TUG) Completion Time
Time (in seconds) to complete the standard Timed Up and Go test.
Pain Intensity (Visual Analog Scale, VAS)
Pain intensity measured using a 10-cm visual analog scale (score 0-10).
Disability (Oswestry Disability Index, ODI)
Self-reported disability related to low back pain measured with the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Turkish validated version (score 0-100).
Kinesiophobia (Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia, TSK)
Fear of movement/(re)injury measured with the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK), Turkish version (score 17-68).
Test-Retest Reliability of VR-TUG (ICC)
Intraclass correlation coefficient (two-way mixed-effects, single measure) for VR-TUG completion time between baseline and 7 ± 2 days.
Agreement and Measurement Error of VR-TUG (SEM/MDC, Bland-Altman)
Standard error of measurement (SEM), minimal detectable change (MDC), and Bland-Altman agreement analyses for VR-TUG completion time across two sessions.
Click on the lead sponsor to view all of their trials.
This trial is not recruiting at the moment. You can still explore other options:
