About this trial
The goal of this observational study is to evaluate whether a non-invasive facial scan technology using remote photoplethysmography (rPPG) can accurately estimate blood glucose and HbA1c levels in adults living in the community in Jakarta. The study focuses on adults aged 18 years and older, including individuals with or without diabetes.
The main questions it aims to answer are:
1. Can rPPG-based facial scan estimates of blood glucose and HbA1c match results from standard laboratory blood tests? 2. How well can rPPG identify individuals with high blood sugar or diabetes risk based on established clinical cut-off values?
Researchers will compare results from the rPPG facial scan with standard laboratory measurements of fasting blood glucose and HbA1c to determine how accurate and reliable the technology is for screening purposes.
Participants will:
1. Provide basic information such as age, sex, and medical history 2. Undergo a non-invasive facial scan using a smartphone-based system 3. Have a blood sample taken to measure fasting blood glucose and HbA1c 4. Complete all assessments during a single study visit
This study aims to determine whether rPPG can serve as a simple, non-invasive, and accessible tool for early detection and monitoring of diabetes in community settings.
Eligibility criteria
This trial accepts healthy volunteersQualifiers
Adults aged ≥18 years
Willing to participate and provide informed consent
Able to undergo facial scan and blood examination
Stable clinical condition
Disqualifiers
Facial conditions interfering with rPPG signal (e.g., wounds, deformities)
Use of facial coverings obstructing camera detection
Inability to remain still during facial scan
Incomplete data or withdrawal from study
Trial population
The study population consists of adult individuals aged 18 years and older residing in a community setting in Jakarta, Indonesia. Participants will be recruited through community-based health activities and primary care services. The population includes both individuals with and without a prior diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus, representing a general adult population for glycemic screening. Eligible participants must be able to undergo both non-invasive facial scanning using remote photoplethysmography (rPPG) and standard laboratory blood testing. Individuals with facial conditions that interfere with signal detection, inability to remain still during scanning, or incomplete data will be excluded.
Trial design
Ecologic or community
Cross-sectional
Treatments tested in this trial
Not listed
Trial groups
Trial outcomes
Primary outcomes
Agreement Between rPPG-Derived and Laboratory Blood Glucose
Assessment of agreement between blood glucose values obtained from remote photoplethysmography (rPPG) facial scan and standard laboratory fasting blood glucose measurements using Bland-Altman analysis, including mean bias and limits of agreement.
Agreement Between rPPG-Derived and Laboratory HbA1c
Evaluation of agreement between HbA1c values estimated using rPPG facial scan and laboratory HbA1c measurements using Bland-Altman analysis, including bias and limits of agreement.
Correlation and Validation of rPPG Estimates with Laboratory Blood Glucose and HbA1c
Measurement of the strength of association between rPPG-derived and laboratory-measured blood glucose and HbA1c values using Pearson or Spearman correlation coefficients (Bland Altman)
Diagnostic Performance of rPPG for Detecting Hyperglycemia and Diabetes Risk
Evaluation of sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of rPPG-derived blood glucose (≥126 mg/dL) and HbA1c (≥6.5%) in identifying individuals with elevated glycemic levels compared to laboratory reference standards.
Sponsors and contacts
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Tarumanagara University
Lead sponsor
Universitas Tarumanagara
Collaborator
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