Lipedema is a chronic, progressive adipose tissue disorder that predominantly affects women and is characterized by symmetric, disproportionate subcutaneous fat accumulation in the lower extremities, pain, tenderness, and easy bruising. It is associated with reduced mobility and impaired functional capacity. Although the 2-Minute Step Test (2MST) is a practical, low-cost measure of functional capacity that requires no equipment or large space, its validity and reliability have not been investigated in patients with lipedema. The aim of this study is to evaluate the construct validity and test-retest reliability of the 2MST in women with lipedema.
Clinically diagnosed with lipedema according to the Wold and Halk-Damstra criteria, stage 2 and above
Aged 18-65 years, female
No walking-limiting pathology
Willing to participate
Uncontrolled hypertension
Decompensated cardiac failure
Systemic, degenerative, neurological, rheumatological, or orthopedic disease affecting lower-extremity function
Lower-extremity surgery within the past 6 months
Patients with lipedema
Case-only
Cross-sectional
Not listed
2-Minute Step Test (2MST)
Functional exercise capacity assessed by the number of times the participant raises the knee to the required height during 2 minutes. Higher scores indicate better functional exercise capacity.
6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT)
Functional exercise capacity assessed by the total distance walked in 6 minutes (meters). Greater walking distance indicates better functional capacity and endurance.
Timed Up and Go Test (TUGT)
Functional mobility assessed by the time required to stand up from a chair, walk 3 meters, turn around, walk back, and sit down (seconds). Longer completion times indicate poorer functional mobility and balance.
Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS)
Self-reported lower extremity function assessed using a 20-item questionnaire with a total score ranging from 0 to 80. Higher scores indicate better lower extremity function and less disability.
Visual Analog Scale (VAS)
Pain intensity assessed using a 100-mm visual analog scale ranging from 0 (no pain) to 100 (worst imaginable pain). Higher scores indicate greater pain intensity.
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