About this trial
The aim of this research is to adapt the Exergame Enjoyment Questionnaire (EEQ) into Turkish and to evaluate its suitability for the Turkish elderly population through validity and reliability analyses. After the cultural adaptation process is completed, the construct validity of the scale will be evaluated using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses; its reliability will be assessed through internal consistency coefficients (Cronbach's alpha) and test-retest reliability over time (ICC). Accordingly, the study aims to provide a valid and reliable assessment tool for clinicians and researchers who wish to evaluate individual experiences in exergaming-based interventions.
Eligibility criteria
This trial accepts healthy volunteersQualifiers
Being 65 years of age or older
Having participated in an exergaming application at least once before
Not having a physical, sensory or cognitive disability that would prevent participation in the exergaming application
Agreeing to participate voluntarily and providing informed consent
Disqualifiers
Individuals with active neurological, vestibular, or psychiatric disorders
Individuals diagnosed with moderate or severe cognitive impairment (MMSE < 24 and/or MoCA < 21)
Individuals with severe hearing or vision loss
Individuals who are physically unable to participate in exergaming due to cardiopulmonary or orthopedic reasons
Trial population
The study population consists of individuals aged 65 and over residing in the city center of Balıkesir. Accordingly, the sample group will be comprised of volunteer elderly individuals who meet the specified inclusion criteria, have a cognitive capacity suitable for data collection, and have experience with the exergaming applications included in the study protocol.
Trial design
Other
Cross-sectional
Treatments tested in this trial
Validity and reliability assessments
Other interventionThe adaptation process of the Exergame Enjoyment Questionnaire (EEQ) into Turkish will be carried out following the forward-backward translation method proposed by Beaton et al. (2000), which has international validity. In this context, the scale will first be translated from English to Turkish by two independent translators, one a healthcare specialist and the other a professional language expert. These two translations will then be compared to create a common preliminary text; subsequently, this text will be translated back into English by two independent translators whose native language is English and who are familiar with the conceptual content, and any loss of meaning will be evaluated. The resulting Turkish draft will be reviewed by an expert panel for cultural appropriateness, linguistic clarity, and conceptual equivalent; necessary adjustments will be made. Finally, the scale will be piloted on 10 elderly individuals selected from the target population, and feedback on the com
Treatment groups
Trial outcomes
Primary outcomes
Exergame Enjoyment Questionnaire (EEQ)
The Exergame Enjoyment Questionnaire (EEQ) is a self-report, multidimensional measurement tool developed to assess the level of enjoyment individuals experience while participating in exercise-based digital games (Fitzgerald et al.). The scale allows for a comprehensive assessment of both the structural characteristics of the digital game and the experience related to physical activity (Fitzgerald et al.). The original form of the EEQ consists of a total of 20 items, adapted from scales such as the Game Engagement Questionnaire (GEQ), Immersive Experience Questionnaire (IEQ), and Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES), which have previously proven their validity and reliability (Fitzgerald et al.). Each item is answered using a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (Strongly Disagree) to 5 (Strongly Agree). The scale items are structured in four sub-dimensions: Immersion, Intrinsically Rewarding Activity, User Control, and Exercise Experience. O
Secondary outcomes
Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PAES)
The Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PAES) is a self-report psychometric scale developed to assess the level of enjoyment individuals experience while participating in physical activity (Mullen et al., 2011; Özkurt et al., 2022). The Turkish adapted version of the scale was introduced to the Turkish population by Özkurt et al. (2022) after completing the cultural adaptation process and validity and reliability analyses. PAES has a single-factor structure consisting of 8 items. Each item is answered with a 7-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (Strongly Disagree) to 7 (Strongly Agree) (Özkurt et al., 2022). High scores obtained from the scale indicate that the individual experiences a high level of enjoyment during physical activity. The scale's internal consistency coefficient (Cronbach's alpha = 0.96) and composite reliability value (CR = 0.95) were found to be high, indicating that the scale has strong psychometric properties (Özkurt et al.,
Sponsors and contacts
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Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa
Lead sponsor
Balikesir University
Sponsor institution
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