Virtual Outreach and Individualized Coaching Extension

Self-Care of Chronic Illness Inventory (V.4c) Section D: Self-Care Confidence Scale

Researchers will use the Self-Care Confidence Scale to measure preliminary efficacy.

Self-Care of Chronic Illness Inventory (V.4c)

The Self-Care of Chronic Illness Inventory (SC-CII) version 4c is a validated tool designed to assess self-care behaviors in individuals managing chronic illnesses. Each item within the SC-CII is rated on a 5-point Likert scale, typically ranging from 1 ("Never") to 5 ("Always"). It evaluates self-care across three key domains: Self-Care Maintenance (Section A), Self-Care Monitoring (Section B), and Self-Care Management (Section C). Also, it examines Self-Care Confidence (Section D). Scores for each domain are calculated by summing the item responses within that domain. Higher scores indicate better self-care behaviors in the respective domain. A standardized score of 70 or above in any domain is generally considered indicative of adequate self-care. Scores below 70 may suggest areas where the individual could benefit from additional support or intervention to enhance self-care practices.

Modified Computer Attitudes Scale - Confidence subscale

Modified Computer Self-Efficacy Scale (mCSES) is a modification of the Compeau and Higgins 10-item Computer Self-Efficacy Scale, developed to make it applicable for clinical settings (for use with older people or people with disabilities using everyday technologies). The questions ask respondents to indicate whether "you could use this unfamiliar technology under a variety of conditions". Rated on a 10-point scale of confidence. Principal components analysis yields a two-factor structure: 1. Using the Technology Alone (e.g., "If there was no one around to tell me what to do as I go"), and 2. Using the Technology with the Support of Others (e.g., " If someone else had helped me get started"). Participants with higher levels of technology self-efficacy would be more frequent users of everyday technology.

Geriatrics Depression Scale (GDS) - Short Form

The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) short form uses a 15-item yes/no questionnaire where one point is given for each answer indicating depressive symptoms, with a total score of 5 or more suggesting depression. 0 to 4 points: Normal (depression not likely). 5 to 8 points (or \> 5): Suggests mild depression; warrants a comprehensive medical or mental health assessment. 9 to 11 points (or ≥ 10): Moderate depression; almost always indicates clinical depression. 12 to 15 points: Severe depression

Almere Model-Based Smart Speaker Acceptance Questionnaire

The Almere Model is a prominent framework used to evaluate how older adults accept assistive social agents and conversational devices. When adapting the Almere Model for a Smart Speaker acceptance research study, the questionnaire is typically structured around 11-12 core constructs measured on a 5-pointLikert scale (from Totally Disagree to Totally Agree). A higher score (4.0 - 5.0) generally indicates a strong, positive disposition toward that specific aspect of the smart speaker. A lower score (1.0 - 2.0) signals a barrier to entry or a negative perception.

Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS)-29 Adult Profile questionnaire

The PROMIS-29 Adult Profile measure assesses pain intensity using a single 0-10 numeric pain rating item and seven health domains using four items each: physical functioning, fatigue, pain interference, depression, anxiety, ability to participate in social roles and activities, and sleep disturbance. Each item is rated on a Likert-type scale, typically 1 (not at all) to 5 (very much), with response options indicating the frequency or severity of symptoms or experiences. For most PROMIS instruments, a score of 50 is the average for the United States general population, with a standard deviation of 10. Higher scores for Depression, Fatigue, Sleep Disturbance, and Pain Interference indicate worse health than average.

Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey

The Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey is a 19-item, self-administered questionnaire designed to measure the availability of functional social support for patients with chronic conditions. The survey evaluates four specific domains of social support: Emotional/Informational Support: Having someone to confide in, give advice, or offer empathetic understanding. Tangible (Instrumental) Support: Receiving material or behavioral assistance, such as help with daily chores if you are sick. Affectionate Support: Experiencing expressions of love and affection. Positive Social Interaction: Having someone available to do fun things or pass the time with. Items are typically rated on a 5-point Likert scale (ranging from "none of the time" to "all of the time"). It produces four distinct subscale scores plus an overall functional social support index. Scores are often transformed to a 0-100 range, where higher scores mean greater available support.