About this trial
According to the scientific literature, public speaking (PS) is an important skill for students to master. However, a large proportion of students do not feel comfortable speaking in public. PS anxiety impacts oral communication (i.e., voice and fluency). These changes can affect speaker's academic and professional success, as well as his credibility. Performing a high-quality PPP with confidence is therefore rarely an innate skill, but fortunately it can be trained and improved. Therefore, training PS skills in representative settings is crucial but often challenging for PS professionals (e.g., speech therapists, vocologists, coaches).
This project examines how oral communication skills training including simulations in virtual reality (VR) supports the acquisition of effective oral PS skills. Using acoustic analyses, outcomes from participants in the intervention group (N = 40) will be compared with those of a wait-list control group (N = 40) to determine whether significant differences emerge in filled pauses, speech rate, and vocal intonation during PS. Changes in PS self-efficacy will also be assessed. Regarding secondary outcomes, the study will evaluate changes in self-reported and physiological PS anxiety, as well as self-reported confidence as a speaker. Finally, self-perceived vocal effort during PS will be examined.
Eligibility criteria
This trial accepts healthy volunteersQualifiers
Higher education student
Speaking french fluently
Disqualifiers
Hearing impairment
Voice or fluency disorder at the time of the study
Trial design
Crossover
Treatments tested in this trial
Indirect Method
Behavioral• General information and advice on PS
Direct Method
Behavioral• Learning effective PS oral skills using speech therapy exercises (e.g., modeling, audiovisual feedback) and VR simulations
Treatment groups
Trial outcomes
Primary outcomes
Filled pauses
Measurements of participants' filled pauses (percentage of the total number of syllables produced) when PS in VR
Speech rate
Measurements of participants' speech rate (in syllables per second) when PS in VR
Voice intonation
Acoustic measurements of participants' voice variation (in semitones) when PS in VR
PS self-efficacy
Questionnaire on self-efficacy in PS
Secondary outcomes
Self-reported PS anxiety
Self-assessment of perceived anxiety using the Subjective Units of Distress Scale (SUDS)
Physiological PS anxiety
Measurements of participants' heart rate (in bpm) when PS in VR
Self-reported confidence as a speaker
Self-assessment of confidence as a speaker using the Personal Report of Confidence as a Speaker (PRCS) short-form questionnaire
Self-perceived vocal effort
Self-assessment of perceived vocal effort using the Adapted BORG Category Ratio (CR-10) physical exertion scale
Sponsors and contacts
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University of Liege
Lead sponsor
Fonds pour la Recherche Scientifique (FRS-FNRS)
Collaborator