Visceral Osteopathic Manual Therapy Methods in Women With Stress Urinary Incontinence

pad test

In this test, standardized by the International Incontinence Society, the patient is asked to place a clean pad in their underwear and then do some activities in order. These activities are done in the following order; * Drink 500 ml of water, * Walk for 30 minutes, * Sit down and stand up 10 times in the 45th minute, cough 10 times, * Run for 1 minute, then pick up objects from the ground without resting, * Finally, wash your hands for 3 minutes. After the pad is placed, the pad is taken out in the 60th minute and weighed on a precision scale in grams (gr), the dry weight is subtracted from the wet weight and the difference is recorded as data.

feeling of dryness (VAS)

The effect of UI on the woman's life and the feeling of dryness she perceived were assessed with VAS. In the VAS assessment, the woman was asked to mark the intensity of her feeling on a 10 cm line. While the left side of the line meant "it has no effect on my life" or "I feel dry", it was stated that this "intensity increases" towards the right of the line and the far right side meant "it affects my life a lot" or "I feel constantly wet". The marked point was measured with a ruler and recorded in cm.

"International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short Form (ICIQ-SF)

In order to ensure standardization in pre- and post-treatment evaluations in clinical studies, there is a need for standardized questionnaire forms regarding urinary incontinence. These forms should be short, understandable and purposeful. Among the questionnaire forms regarding urinary incontinence, the "International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short Form (ICIQ-SF) is thought to meet all these requirements in this regard.

Incontinence Quality of Life Questionnaire (I-QOL):

According to this survey, individuals are asked 28 questions about their daily lives and psychosocial situations. Individuals are asked to answer each question as no (0), mild (1), moderate (2) and severe (3). The score obtained from the twenty-eight questions is recorded as a total score. A high score means that the quality of life is negatively affected.

Incontinence severity level

In order to determine the severity of incontinence, the incontinence severity level is determined as mild, moderate and severe according to the frequency of urine leakage (Pages I-H, Jahr S \& al.lari, 2001); * Mild incontinence (grade 1): Incontinence that occurs involuntarily during laughing, coughing, sneezing or heavy exercise * Moderate incontinence (grade 2): Incontinence that occurs involuntarily during light activities, walking or carrying objects * Severe incontinence (grade 3): Incontinence that occurs even when standing up but not at rest

Flexibility tests(trunk extension flexibility)

In individuals experiencing incontinence, the flexibility of the abdominal region, back region and lower extremity should be evaluated. To evaluate trunk flexibility, trunk extension flexibility, trunk lateral flexion flexibility tests, and the Sit and Reach Test can be used to evaluate lower extremity and trunk flexibility.

Body temperature

Body temperature should be measured with an infrared thermometer 5 cm above and below the umbilicus and the values should be recorded.

Flexibility tests( trunk lateral flexion flexibility)

In individuals experiencing incontinence, the flexibility of the abdominal region, back region and lower extremity should be evaluated. To evaluate trunk flexibility, trunk extension flexibility, trunk lateral flexion flexibility tests, and the Sit and Reach Test can be used to evaluate lower extremity and trunk flexibility.

Demographic data form

A detailed history and a complete physical examination are the first and most important steps used in the evaluation of the patient. Personal information such as age, weight, occupation, and educational status should be questioned with the demographic data form, where information about the person can be questioned. The signs and symptoms of UI, and the presence of urinary incontinence that occurs after an increase in intra-abdominal pressure such as coughing, sneezing, or laughing should be questioned.