Background:
Inequalities in COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and death in under-studied, under-represented, and under-reported groups of people are severe. A growing number of studies have assessed the impact of individual risk factors. But few studies have assessed which factors are the greatest drivers of COVID-19 disparities from a wider perspective.
Objective:
To understand the long-term impacts of COVID-19 on minority women and their families to assist in developing community-based programs to help in recovery.
Eligibility:
Healthy people aged 18 and older who reside in North Carolina.
Design:
Participants will take a 45-minute online survey. The survey will cover their demographics, community, health, lifestyle, household, and environment.
Participants may choose to have tests. They may visit the Clinical Research Unit. They may also have a home visit for these tests. In some cases, they may mail samples to the study team in prepaid envelopes.
Participants may take an optional 15 minute survey about their reproductive history.
Participants may give a blood sample.
Participants may give a urine sample. They will fill out a log and return with their sample.
Participants may give saliva samples.
Participants may give toenail samples from each toe.
Participants may give dust samples. They will be given 8 alcohol swabs. Two will be for testing. They will be asked to swipe a total of 3 door frames. Each door frame should be in a different room of the house.
Participants may be given silicone wristbands to wear for 1 week. This is to measure their exposure to air pollutants.
Participants may be contacted in the future for follow-up. They may be contacted by phone, email, or letter.
Females who are African American or Black, Hispanic or Latino, American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian American, Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander.
Aged 18 years or older.
Reside in North Carolina.
Be willing to provide photo ID
None
Women will be recruited from a community-based sample in North Carolina following a recruitment plan developed in collaboration with Women's Health Awareness (WHA) partners.
Case-only
Prospective
Not listed
Characterize the mental, physical, and socio-economic effects
(1)Characterize the mental, physical, and socio-economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on women in under-studied, under-represented, and under-reported (U4) populations within a syndemic framework. (2) Determine whether there was a worsening of mental, physical, and socio-economic status before, during, and following the COVID-19 pandemic. (3) Characterize the biological, behavioral, environmental, sociocultural, and structural impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on factors that affect reproductive risk factors among U4 women.
Quantify cross-sectional associations between retrospective pre-pandemic indicators of U4 status and related exposures
(1) Quantify cross-sectional associations between retrospective pre-pandemic indicators of U4 status and related exposures (i.e., urban vs. rural; pre-existing physical and mental health disparities; risk factors for maternal mortality; experiences of racism; social factors, and environmental, occupational, and housing exposures) with adverse mental, physical, and SES effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. (2) Characterize the direct and indirect experiences of U4 women with SARS-CoV-2 infection. (3) Identify opportunities for interventions to address maternal mortality in U4 women in the context of an ongoing global pandemic of COVID-19.
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