Airway Assessment

This prospective observational study aims to evaluate the relationship between preoperative ultrasonographic airway measurements and the Pediatric Difficult Airway Classification (PeDiAC) score in pediatric patients undergoing general anesthesia. The study will assess whether ultrasound-derived airway parameters are associated with difficult airway characteristics and PeDiAC scores.

The goal of this observational study is to evaluate thyromental distance (TMD) and mandibular triangle perpendicular length (MTPL); to know which correlates better with the incisor vallecula distance (IVD). Based on the direction and strength of the correlation measure, a multiple regression equation can then be created to first predict the IVD with external linear measure, and second, based on IVD length prediction, the appropriate laryngoscope blade size can be ascertained.

The aim of this observational study is to evaluate the accuracy of the HMDR combined with the ULBT as a predictor of difficult laryngoscopy in obese patients undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia, regarding: * Correlation of HMDR-ULBT values with Cormack-Lehane grades during laryngoscopy. * Comparison of HMDR-ULBT with standard HMDR in predicting difficult laryngoscopy.

Clinical and ultrasound indices of airway, in addition to laryngoscopic view will be assessed and compared among three groups of patients: non pregnant, pregnant with normal blood pressure, preeclampsia patients undergoing various surgeries under general anesthesia.

This study aims to determine whether hyperangulated blades have a higher intubation success rate than Macintosh blades in patients undergoing general anesthesia, and to identify patient subgroups in which hyperangulated blades are particularly advantageous for tracheal intubation.