Airway Complication of Anesthesia

In the "PrediSuisse" research project, the investigators aim to create a reliable, reproducible, ultra-portable and radiation-free automatized software, able to identify automatically collected features, facial characteristics, and range of movements, to predict intubation difficulty. The software will generate a difficulty intubation score tailored to three commercially available videolaryngoscopes with different type of blades, corresponding to the predicted endotracheal intubation difficulty while providing the anaesthesiologist a reliable and non-subjective tool to assess individual patient's risks with regards to airway management.

The overall objective of the study is to evaluate and analyze major and minor incidents during airway management in adults under anaesthesia care at all study sites. The patient characteristics, type of airway management is recorded and if airway management-related incidents occur, they are analyzed in more detail to improve patient safety in the future.

This randomized controlled trial compares a video laryngeal mask airway (VLMA) and an endotracheal tube (ETT) in adult patients undergoing elective septoplasty. The primary objective is to see which device more effectively prevents surgical blood contamination in the glottic and subglottic regions. The study also assesses perioperative hemodynamic stability, ventilation parameters, and postoperative recovery factors such as sore throat, hoarseness, and overall patient comfort. The findings aim to help determine the optimal airway device choice for nasal surgeries.

The hypothesis of this study is that ultrasound measurements may improve the preoperative detection of difficult laryngoscopy (DL) in pediatrics. The primary objective of this study will be to evaluate the usefulness for the prediction of a DL of five ultrasound measurements obtained from the neck skin to three structures of the upper airway (hyoid, epiglottis and anterior commissure of the vocal cords). Secondary objectives will include establishing, if possible, a cut-off point in these measurements; to compare these measures against the classic pre-intubation clinical screening tests.

The goal of this randomized, controlled, single-blinded clinical trial is to evaluate the effectiveness of apnoeic Oxygenation in pediatric anesthesia. The main question it aims to answer are: primary outcome measure: The primary outcome will be the lowest SpO₂ value recorded during the apnoeic period. secondary outcome measure: * Differences in intubation first-pass-success (key secondary objective) * Temporal differences to achieve successful intubation * Differences in time to oxygen desaturation * Differences in heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure decrease * Differences in the incidence of anesthesia-related adverse events The study participants are randomized two age dependents groups. Either in the control group without the use of apnoeic oxygenation or in the intervention group with the use of apnoeic oxygenation. The study population will be divided into two independent cohorts, each consisting of 100 patients. The first cohort, designated as "infants" will include all patients aged up to 24 months, while the second cohort, termed "children" will comprise patients aged older than 24 months and up to six years. Within each cohort, patients will be randomized into an intervention group and a control group, with 50 patients assigned to each. This randomization will ensure that, for both the Infant and Children Groups, half of the participants (n=50) will receive the intervention, while the other half (n=50) will serve as controls. Statistical analysis of primary and secondary endpoints will be conducted independently for each cohort. This stratified approach will allow for targeted evaluation of age-specific effects of the intervention, as well as comparison between intervention and control outcomes within each age-defined cohort.

According to WHO, more than 230 million major surgical procedures are carried out under general anaesthesia each year worldwide. Despite important technological advances, airway management remains a major challenge in anaesthesiology. Data from large perspective studies on current incidence of major peri-intubation adverse events are lacking in the anaesthesia setting, especially on outcomes such as peri-intubation cardiovascular collapse, severe hypoxemia, and cardiac arrest. These events are more common in case of difficulties with airway management so that first pass intubation failure significantly increase the risks. Moreover, it has been documented that even transient hypotension during general anaesthesia, may have long-term consequences and may be associated with a worse outcome in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery. The primary aim of the study is to assess the current incidence of major adverse events during advanced airway management for anaesthesia in patients undergoing elective or emergency surgery and in the setting of nonoperating room anesthesia. The secondary aim is to assess the current practice of airway management during anesthesia worldwide. STARGATE Study will be a large international observational study recruiting all consecutive adult (≥ 18 years old) patients undergoing general anesthesia in operating room and outside operating room. Primary outcome will be a composite of cardiovascular collapse, cardiac arrest and severe hypoxemia.

the(obstructivesleepapneahypoapneasyndromeOSAHS) is a kind of to sleep appear periodically in the process of syndrome characterized by partial or complete obstruction of upper respiratory tract.Patients with obstruction during the attack, faced with percutaneous arterial blood oxygen saturation (percutaneousarterialoxygensaturation, SpO2) to reduce the risk of can also trigger hypercapnia and cardiovascular dysfunction.The global incidence of OSAS is 4.0% in males and 2.0% in females .Sedative drugs inhibit the response of OSAS patients to external stimuli and may cause pharyngeal muscle collapse, leading to an increased risk of respiratory adverse events during painless gastroscopy in this population .In fact, OSAS has been identified as an independent risk factor for endoscopic hypoxia .Currently, there is no special oropharyngeal ventilation device used during gastroenteroscopy. Recently, a new type of oropharyngeal ventilation channel has been developed and applied in clinic.Compared with the conventional nasal catheter, the new oropharyngeal airway nasal mask can better fit the patient's face, ensure the air tightness inside the nose mask and maximize the oxygen supply efficiency. The carbon dioxide outlet connected to the oropharyngeal airway body can not only collect the patient's exhaled gas, but also reduce the backflow of carbon dioxide gas.It can also access carbon dioxide detection equipment to monitor the patient's PCO2 at the end of breath in real time .In order to evaluate whether the new oropharyngeal airway can reduce the incidence of hypoxia during painless gastroenteroscopy in general patients, the study was designed to investigate the safety and efficacy of the new oropharyngeal airway.

Clinical screening tests were included to define a difficult laryngoscopy such as history of difficult or impossible intubation, NC, MMS, retrognathia, protrusion of the upper incisors, TMD, mouth opening, dentition, macroglossia, presence of a beard, UBLT, spine mobility and palm print test for diabetes. Ultrasound airway assessment was performed: Clinical screening tests were included to define a difficult laryngoscopy such as history of difficult or impossible intubation, NC, MMS, retrognathia, protrusion of the upper incisors, TMD, mouth opening, dentition, macroglossia, presence of a beard, UBLT, spine mobility and palm print test for diabetes. Ultrasound airway assessment was performed Three parameters were measured to calculate the scores: Tongue thickness (TT) in coronal plane, Distance from the skin to hyoid bone (SHB), Distance from the skin to the thyrohyoid membrane (STM). Two scores were developed from a study conducted in 2019. The first score, to predict a difficult laryngoscopy, uses two parameters: the modified MALLAMPATI class (MMS) and the STM. A score strictly greater than 2 is predictive of a difficult laryngoscopy. The second score, to predict difficult ventilation, uses four parameters: BMI, NC, TT in coronal plane, and SHB. A score strictly greater than 20 is predictive of difficult ventilation. A well-experienced anesthesiologist performed a direct laryngoscopy and graded it as Cormack-Lehane's grading. Difficulty in intubation and/or mask ventilation was managed according to the 2017 SFAR guidelines.

The goal of these Observational study is to learn about pediatric airway the main question to answer is: 1-Is using point-of-care ultrasound provide an easy, early, and accurate preoperative assessment of the challenging pediatric airway and the endotracheal tube sizing more than traditional methods.