Albuminuria

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a frequent microvascular complication in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and a major cause of chronic kidney failure worldwide. Chronic low-grade inflammation and platelet activation contribute significantly to renal microvascular damage. The purpose of this observational study is to evaluate whether routine blood test markers, specifically the Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and platelet indices (such as mean platelet volume \[MPV\] and platelet distribution width \[PDW\]), can serve as simple, accessible, and cost-effective biomarkers for identifying the presence and progression of diabetic kidney disease. Participants will include adult patients with type 2 diabetes categorized according to their urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (normoalbuminuria, microalbuminuria, and macroalbuminuria) as well as healthy control subjects. Complete blood counts, derived inflammatory indices, and renal parameters will be measured to assess their diagnostic accuracy for DKD.

Kidney disease is a common problem among people with type 1 diabetes and can lead to disability, dialysis, and early death. Inflammation plays a key role in the development of kidney disease in type 1 diabetes and targeting leukotrienes, inflammatory chemicals the body releases in response to allergic reactions, may represent a promising therapy to slow the progression of diabetic kidney disease. The current proposal will investigate whether montelukast, a leukotriene blocker, lowers increased levels of protein in the urine (an early marker of diabetic kidney disease), and improves kidney and cardiovascular function in people with type 1 diabetes and kidney disease.

This is a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of finerenone, a nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, for the early regression of albuminuria in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease (eGFR \>= 30 mL/min/1.73 m\^2 and UACR 30-2000 mg/g) who are already receiving a maximum tolerated dose of an ACE inhibitor or ARB. A total of 148 participants are randomized 1:1, stratified by baseline UACR (\<300 vs \>=300 mg/g), to oral finerenone (10 or 20 mg once daily, titrated by serum potassium and eGFR) or matching placebo, on top of standard background therapy, for 180 days, followed by a 30-day off-treatment follow-up. Albuminuria regression is defined as both an improvement in Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes albuminuria category, from A3 to A2 or A1, or from A2 to A1, and a more than 30% reduction in urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio from baseline. The outcome will be reported as the percentage of participants meeting this definition at Day 180.

Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is an inherited red blood disorder. The kidneys are among the most commonly affected organ systems in SCA. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved empagliflozin as a treatment to reduce the decline of kidney function in those with kidney disease. The proposed research study aims to determine whether empagliflozin can prevent the progression of kidney dysfunction in patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA) who are at high risk of developing advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The prevalence of CKD is increasing worldwide and is assumed to also dramatically increase in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Key shortcomings of available data on CKD in SSA are as follows: (i) Available data are based on single measurements and, therefore, cannot distinguish between harmless transient deterioration in kidney function and chronic kidney damage; (ii) Accurate information regarding renal protein loss, an important and early marker of kidney disease, is lacking; (iii) Cardiovascular risk factors for CKD, such as obesity, hypertension and diabetes, are often not searched for. Likewise non-classic potential risk factors, such as endemic infectious diseases, socioeconomic status and lifestyle have not been consistently recorded; (iv) Information to interrogate linked interaction over time between risk factors and development of CKD is unavailable. With this project, situated in a region representative of semi-rural SSA, we aim to fill this knowledge gap and (i) establish guideline conform prevalence data of CKD and its major cardiovascular risk factors, as well as (ii) prospectively define the incidence of cardiovascular- and non-classic risk factors of CKD. The data from (i) and (ii) is used to develop predictive models. A prospective cohort of 1200 individuals in a primary care facility will serve as study population. The population is representing a society in transition from rural to more urban lifestyle. In the pilot study, participants will be followed for one years and undergo the clinical and biomedical testing required to capture CKD and its classic and non-classic risk factors over time.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is highly prevalent in the state of Aguascalientes, Mexico, particularly among adolescents and young adults. Epidemiologic and histologic studies suggest that this burden is largely driven by reduced nephron endowment of prenatal origin, leading to compensatory glomerular hyperfiltration, adaptive podocytopathy, and persistent albuminuria at early stages of disease. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have demonstrated nephroprotective effects in adult populations with CKD, including reductions in albuminuria and slowing of disease progression, independent of diabetes status. However, no randomized controlled trials have evaluated the efficacy and safety of SGLT2 inhibitors in adolescents with early-stage CKD and persistent albuminuria. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial aims to evaluate whether treatment with an SGLT2 inhibitor reduces albuminuria in adolescents aged 14 to 18 years with persistent microalbuminuria (albumin-to-creatinine ratio 30-300 mg/g) and preserved kidney function. Participants will be randomized in a 2:1 ratio to receive dapagliflozin 10 mg daily or placebo for six months. The primary outcome is the change in urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio from baseline to six months. Secondary outcomes include changes in estimated glomerular filtration rate and safety outcomes.

a prospective, observational, multi-center study with a cohort of 300 patients with Type 2 diabetes and macroalbuminuria. Prospectively we will collect kidney biopsies and analyse the transciptome of the kidney tissue and other biomarkers from blood, faeces, urine, proteomic- and metabolomic profiles and DNA-variants. Thereby we hope to be able to discover molecular and clinical profiles, that can help us in the diagnosis of DKD, and to identify different risks of progression that can benefit from different forms of personalized treatment.

Studying the causal roles of components of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (including angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7)), angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), Ang II, and ACE), uric acid, and klotho in pediatric hypertension and related target organ injury, including in the heart, kidneys, vasculature, and brain. Recruiting children with a new hypertension diagnosis over a 2-year period from the Hypertension and Pediatric Nephrology Clinics affiliated with Brenner Children's Hospital at Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist and Atrium Health Levine Children's Hospital. Healthy control participants will be recruited from local general primary care practices. Collecting blood and urine samples to analyze components of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (Ang-(1-7), ACE2, Ang II, ACE), uric acid, and klotho, and measuring blood pressure, heart structure and function, autonomic function, vascular function, and kidney function at baseline, year 1, and year 2. Objectives are to investigate phenotypic and treatment response variability and to causally infer if Ang-(1-7), ACE2, Ang II, ACE, uric acid, and klotho contribute to target organ injury due to hypertension.

The Western diet, rich in fat and sugar, contributes to cardiovascular risk and alters the body metabolism, specifically through the modulation of the microbiome. Microbiome is considered the "second genome", functioning as an endocrine-like organ. Gut microbiota-derived metabolites, namely trimethylamine- N-oxide and short-chain fatty acids have been associated with atherosclerosis, vascular and cardiac diseases. Regarding trimethylamine- N-oxide, its association with cardiovascular disease is positive and dose-dependent. In contrast, short-chain fatty acids have been positively associated with the improvement of cardiovascular health. Algae probiotics can modulate gut microbiome, stimulating the growth of commensal micro-organisms with health benefits. Previous studies suggested that Spirulina Arthrospira platensis supplementation could improve blood lipid levels and lower blood pressure, revealing anti-inflammatory and antioxidant roles. Other probiotics that could be beneficial to gut microbiota are macroalgae or seaweed. Macroalgae are a rich source of components which may prompt bacterial diversity and abundance. The present prospective, randomized, three-armed parallel trial aims to generate good-quality evidence about the potential health effects and impact of Spirulina Arthrospira platensis (microalgae) and Gelidium corneum (macroalgae) supplements in humans. These participants will undergo 3 clinical evaluations: 2 before the beginning of micro- and macro-algae supplementation and the last one after 20 weeks of supplementation. The evaluation includes a vascular, nutritional and physical activity assessment, as well as blood, urine, saliva and stool collection for quantification of plasma biomarkers, oral and gut microbiota analysis, respectively.

Background: Sodium-glucose-cotransporter (SGLT) inhibition has been observed to reduce risk of cardiovascular events and kidney failure in persons with type 2 diabetes. People with type 1 diabetes also have increased risk of cardiovascular and kidney disease, and may benefit from SGLT-inhibition. The exact mechanism of how SGLT-inhibition benefits the kidneys are yet unknown. Change in renal hypoxia may be a factor. Objective: The primary aim of this study is to assess the effects of 12 weeks SGLT-1 and 2 inhibition on renal oxygenation in persons with type 1 diabetes and chronic kidney disease. Further aims are to study if renal oxygen consumption and response to SGLT-inhibition differs between people of African-Caribbean or Northern European decent. Additionally effects on left ventricular ejection fraction, kidney function and biomarkers in blood and urine will be explored. Method: 12 weeks treatment with oral sotagliflozin or matching placebo as intervention. Kidney oxygenation and perfusion parameters and left ventricular ejection fraction will be assessed by functional magnetic resonance imaging. Kidney function and biomarkers will be assessed according to local hospital laboratory guidelines. Design: Randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, cross over intervention study. Study population: 69 persons with type 1 diabetes and diabetic kidney disease with albuminuria will be included, 39 at Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, 30 at King's College London. Endpoints: Primary end-point: Change from 0 to 12 weeks in dynamic R2\*-weighted signal after treatment with sotagliflozin compared to placebo. Secondary endpoints: Change from 0 to 12 weeks with sotagliflozin compared with placebo on renal perfusion, renal artery flow, renal oxygen consumption, renal parenchymal triglyceride fraction, renal fibrosis, left ventricular ejection fraction, urinary albumin-creatinin ratio, ketone bodies, erythropoietin, pro brain natriuretic peptide, and plasma- and urine inflammation- and fibrosis biomarkers as well as difference after 12 weeks treatment in glomerular filtration rate. Timeframe: Inclusion of patients from february 2024. Last visit september 2025. Presentation spring 2026, publication fall 2026.

assess the predictive value of clinical examination and proteinuria as early measures for acute kidney injury (AKI) in patient with acute heart failure and assessing their prognostic value as measures for mortality during hospital stay