Clinical trials

In high-income countries, prevention strategies have led to declines in cervical cancer rates by more than 75% in high-income countries. In contrast, low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) carry the global burden of cervical cancer with about 85% of new cases and 90% mortality. Screening is an essential component of effective prevention to reduce this disease burden. The World Health Organization recommends human papillomavirus (HPV) testing as the most effective screening method. However, HPV testing can be expensive and complex to implement. Most tests require central laboratory processing, which means women must come back for a different visit to obtain results and potential treatment. In LMICs, this often results in high loss to follow up because many women face transportation and other challenges. The development of new, low-cost HPV tests that can be processed locally as the potential to improve adherence in screening programs. In this study, the research team will assess the feasibility of a same-day screen-and-treat approach compared to the standard two-visit regime in the context of the cervical cancer prevention program in El Salvador. This will be a cross-sectional study that will enroll 1,000 women in remote areas of the country over 10-15 weeks. The hypothesis is that at least 10% fewer women lost to follow-up at six months using the single visit approach compared to the \>20% historical loss to follow-up using the standard two-visit approach.

Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of the Vizio Aqueous Microshunt for the Treatment of Refractory Glaucoma

This is an observational study in which data from women with Chagas disease who will take or have already taken nifurtimox during pregnancy and the impact on their babies are studied. Chagas disease is an inflammatory, infectious disease caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. This parasite is mainly spread by insects called triatomine bug. If Chagas disease is left untreated, it can later cause e.g. serious heart and digestive problems. Nifurtimox has been used for more than 50 years to treat Chagas disease in children and adults. It is not recommended to be used during pregnancy as data from animal studies indicate that it may harm the baby. Currently, there are not enough data to know if this is also the case in humans. In this study, researchers want to collect data on the safety of nifurtimox use in pregnant women. To do this, researchers will collect the following information: * Birth defects (abnormal and problematic structures or functions, a child is born with) * Pregnancy outcomes (like live birth, preterm birth, still birth/death of the unborn baby, miscarriage, or abortion) * Certain health problems of the child up to 12 months of age * Certain health problems of the women experienced during pregnancy The data will be collected from different sources including telephone calls with the women or their doctor, CRFs (case reprt forms) or from medical records The researchers will compare the proportion of children with birth defects, pregnancy outcomes or certain health problems of the child or the women during pregnancy with available data on these outcomes in the general population. The study will run for approximately 10 years.

The purpose of this clinical study is to assess safety and explore usability and effectiveness of the test product, AAL-FAIOL. This study will be conducted in Central America.

The goal of this observational study is to develop and evaluate an organ dysfunction score adapted to pregnancy and early puerperium (SOFA-OBS) that also incorporates a non-invasive tool to evaluate respiratory function (pulse oximeter). The main question it aims to answer is: Does an organ dysfunction score adapted to pregnant and postpartum patients have a higher capacity to predict mortality than a non-adjusted organ dysfunction score? Participants: Patients requiring ICU (Intensive Care Units) admission, who are either pregnant or postpartum (up to 3 days after giving birth). The investigators aimed to include 130 participants. The investigators will only collect participants' data and laboratory results that ICU doctor usually need for clinical practice. No additional interventions are required. Moreover, the investigators will evaluate if measuring participants' oxygenation through a non-invasive tool (pulse oximeter) is equally effective as measuring oxygenation by an arterial puncture. Background: When managing severely ill patients in ICU, the investigators often use what it is called scores. Scores refer to a numerical value assigned to a patient's condition, which often predict outcome. The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score is a scoring system that assess severity of organ dysfunction (in liver, kidney, blood pressure, respiratory, neurologic and platelets). It also identifies patients with severe infections (sepsis) and patients with bad outcomes. Patients undergoing pregnancy or early postpartum develop physiological changes, such us a decrease in creatinine (a laboratory test measuring kidney function) and a decrease in blood pressure during the second trimester. These changes are not considered by the SOFA score. Actually, there is not an organ dysfunction score adapted to pregnant/postpartum patients to be used in the ICU. Moreover, a blood sample taken by arterial puncture is required to evaluate respiratory function by the SOFA score, which is a painful procedure. Instead, the investigators could evaluate respiratory function using a pulse oximeter, which measures peripheral oxygen saturation without needing an arterial puncture. Potential benefits: A SOFA-OBS would hopefully become a more precise tool than general SOFA to evaluate organ dysfunction and to predict outcome among these patients. It would also help to detect sepsis earlier and treat it promptly, which might help reducing its mortality.

This study evaluates a modified two-probe thermal ablation protocol using the IRIS™ device and retrospectively assesses an AI-based Automated Visual Evaluation (AVE) triage algorithm among HPV-positive women in El Salvador. The primary objective is to estimate 1-year cure rates of CIN2+ following treatment. A secondary objective is to evaluate the diagnostic performance of AVE compared with histopathology.

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn whether access to an artificial intelligence (AI) clinical decision support assistant can improve diagnostic accuracy during real-world telemedicine consultations among primary care physicians in El Salvador. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Does access to the AI assistant increase the proportion of correct diagnoses compared to telemedicine without AI assistance? * Does the effect of the AI assistant differ according to the physician's prior experience using AI in telemedicine? Researchers will compare physicians with the AI assistant enabled to physicians with the AI assistant temporarily disabled to see if access to AI improves diagnostic accuracy. Participants (physicians) will: * Provide telemedicine consultations as part of their routine clinical duties. * Be randomly assigned to either have the AI assistant enabled or disabled during the study period. * Continue documenting clinical encounters in the electronic platform as usual. * Have their anonymized consultation notes reviewed by an independent expert panel to determine diagnostic accuracy.

The purpose of this study is to validate Automated Visual Evaluation (AVE), specifically the CINFinder version developed by DL Analytics, a point-of-care screening and triage diagnostic tool for cervical cancer based on the assessment of digital images through artificial intelligence. Several teams around the world have developed versions of AVE as a triage technology but none as a screening tool.

A multicenter, single-arm, prospective, non-randomized, non-masked study.

Despite advances in cancer treatment, significant disparities in outcomes persist between high-income countries (HICs) and low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). Around 80% of children with cancer live in LMICs, where they face challenges such as delayed diagnosis, misdiagnosis, comorbidities, distance to treatment, financial barriers, and limited access to risk-adapted therapies. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL)/lymphoblastic lymphoma(LBL), for example, is one of the greatest success stories in pediatric oncology, however, such improvements are not evenly distributed worldwide, and the outcomes for leukemia patients are poorer in LMICs compared to HICs, primarily due to reduced access to quality healthcare. This study aims to assess cancer treatment outcomes in LMICs, focusing on acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoblastic lymphoma. The findings will inform future studies to implement evidence-based interventions that improve care quality and reduce treatment failures through targeted strategies.

In May 2018, the World Health Organization (WHO) launched a strategy to eliminate cervical cancer. While this strategy seeks to achieve coverage of 70% in disease testing and 90% in treatment by 2030, it is estimated that these goals will not be achieved by most low- and middle- income (LMICs) countries until 2120 under existing conditions. Presently, more than 90% of worldwide cervical cancer cases occur in LMICs. To accelerate this timeline, there is an urgent need for accurate, affordable and rapid testing that can facilitate same-day screening-and-treatment of cervical precancer. The AmpFire® human papillomavirus (HPV) test (Atila Biosystems, CA) has the potential to meet these needs. The test has been adapted to classify HPV positive women into four categories according to their risk for cervical cancer development based on the specific HPV type found during the test. Moreover, results can be delivered in less than 20 minutes for the highest risk HPV type, and less than an hour for the remaining HPV types. This is a potential game changer for countries where treating all HPV positive women is unfeasible. A combination of HPV test with other image-based triage strategies can further reduce overtreatment while reaching the most at-risk women. The goal of this project is to evaluate the performance and feasibility of an innovative same-day screening-and-treatment strategy in Honduras based on the AmpFire® HPV test combined with imaging triage using artificial intelligence via the Automated Visual Evaluation (AVE). Additionally, the investigators will evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the proposed approach vs. the current strategy based on visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA). The investigators believe that the AmpFire® test will have the potential to detect at least 90% of women with cervical precancer (performance). Similarly, the investigators anticipate that combining AmpFire® with AVE triage in a same-day screening-and-treatment strategy will be feasible and acceptable to patients and providers. The successful completion of this project will provide crucial data on the effectiveness of a self-sample, same-day screening-and-treatment approach with the potential to increase early detection while reducing loss to follow-up, ultimately resulting in increased adoption of this technology.

Narrative: Worldwide, traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability among children and adolescents. The Investigators aim to test whether pediatric TBI treatment guided by invasive intracranial pressure monitoring produces better patient outcomes than care guided by a protocol without invasive monitoring. Study findings will inform clinical practice in treating pediatric severe TBI globally. Focused didactic and experience-based learning opportunities will increase the research capacity of pediatric intensivists in Latin America.

Brief Summary This is a phase 2b, observer-blinded, randomized study that will evaluate the safety and efficacy of topically applied SM-030 gel 0.64% and SM-030 gel 0.08% compared against placebo gel in healthy adult male and female subjects with Melasma. The study will be comprised of a 12-week twice daily dosing period and a 4-week additional safety follow-up period. Approximately 138 subjects who meet the eligibility criteria, notably with a clinical diagnosis of Melasma will be randomized in a 3:2:1 ratio to one of three treatment arms: SM-030 gel 0.64% (N=69), Placebo gel (N=46), or SM-030 gel 0.08% (N=23). Subjects will be competitively enrolled in Mexico and El Salvador across 5 sites (4 sites in Mexico and 1 in El Salvador). Subjects will be assessed for safety and efficacy at each visit.