Anesthesia, Obstetrical

Shared decision-making (SDM) is the accepted ethical and legal standard for informed consent, but it is not known how it operates in anesthesia consent for cesarean delivery. Neuraxial anesthesia is recommended for most cesarean deliveries, and many anesthesiologists therefore present it as the only primary option, with general anesthesia (GA) available only as a rescue. Others present GA as a genuine alternative the patient can choose. This study will observe the existing variation in practice and will not change care. A trained observer will attend the pre-operative anesthesia consent encounter for women having an elective cesarean delivery at BC Women's Hospital and record which options were presented, using the observer-rated OPTION-5 instrument. Written research consent and a questionnaire follow 24-48 hours after delivery, and include the 9-item Shared Decision Making Questionnaire (SDM-Q-9). The primary aim is to compare patient-perceived SDM (SDM-Q-9) between consultations in which GA was offered as a genuine primary option and those in which it was not. This study hypothesizes that the SDM-Q-9 score will be higher when GA was offered as a primary option. Secondary aims are to describe observed SDM, decisional conflict, provider-level variation, and women's preference to be offered a choice in a future cesarean. The findings will inform a planned interventional trial of a standardized consent model.