Ankle Foot Orthosis (AFO)

The purpose of the study is to test different categories of ankle foot orthoses (AFOs) with patients who have had lower limb salvage, reconstruction or other problems impacting limb function.

The primary purpose of this research study is to determine if forces within carbon fiber custom dynamic orthoses (CDOs) can be reliability assessed using Loadpad and Loadsol force measuring sensors (Novel GMBH, St. Paul, MN). An improved understanding of the forces acting within orthoses may help to guide future orthosis related research studies, provision methods, and patient education. Study participants will consist of three groups; 1) healthy, able-bodied adult participants using generic sized CDOs, which consist of a proximal cuff that wraps around the leg just below the knee, a posterior carbon fiber strut that runs the length of the leg and bends to store and return energy, and a semi-rigid footplate that acts as a lever arm to bend the posterior strut, 2) individuals without peripheral neuropathy who use AFO(s) regularly, and 3) individuals with peripheral neuropathy who use AFO(s) regularly. . Group 1 participants will be asked to fasten the proximal cuff to a self-selected cuff tightness 'SSCT', as well as three different predefined force levels; 'Loose' where the proximal cuff is loosely fastened around the participants leg, 'Moderate' where the proximal cuff is fastened with moderate tightness, and 'Tight' where the proximal cuff is tightly fastened around the participants leg. Testing in the predetermined force levels (Loose, Moderate, Tight) will occur in a randomized order. Group 2 and Group 3 participants will be asked to fasten their AFO(s) to a self-selected 'SSCT' tightness. For all groups, forces acting on the leg, within the proximal cuff, will be measured using wireless Loadpad sensors and forces acting on the foot will be measured using wireless Loadsol insoles. Testing will include collection of force data as participants sit quietly, stand quietly, and walk and completion of questionnaires.

The overall goal of this study is to attain the highest possible health-related quality of life for individuals with lower-limb impairment through a clinical trial examining three different modern carbon fiber ankle-foot orthosis (AFO) treatment options targeting the rehabilitation of individuals post-stroke. To achieve this goal, the investigators will: 1. Identify the factors that significantly contribute to an individual's highest potential quality of life when considering each of the three available AFO design options, and 2. Develop prediction models of clinical performance using biomechanical function linked to the three AFO designs. Participants will be asked to: * Wear each of the three modern AFO designs for one month, after receiving therapy training and * Complete questionnaires and performance tests with each AFO. In addition, the subset of individuals participating in goal 2) will also be asked to: * Perform biomechanical analyses using high-speed cameras and force plates during different walking and balance tests with each AFO design.