Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR)

Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) are multidrug-resistant bacteria that can colonize the gastrointestinal tract of hospitalized patients and spread within intensive care units (ICUs). Some colonized individuals may carry a particularly high bacterial burden and contribute disproportionately to environmental contamination and transmission to other patients. Identifying these high-risk individuals could improve infection prevention and control strategies. This prospective observational study will be conducted in the Adult Intensive Care Unit of Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires. Patients identified as colonized with CPE through routine surveillance will undergo quantitative culture and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing of rectal swabs to measure bacterial load. Environmental samples will also be collected from high-touch surfaces surrounding colonized patients. In selected cases, molecular typing methods will be used to evaluate genetic relatedness between patient and environmental isolates and to investigate possible transmission events. The primary objective is to determine the correlation between bacterial load measured by culture and the PCR cycle threshold (Ct) value. Secondary objectives include evaluating the association between bacterial load and environmental contamination, and assessing whether patients with higher bacterial loads are more likely to contribute to transmission within the ICU. Results may help identify patients with increased dissemination potential and support targeted infection prevention interventions.

A multicenter international prospective observational pharmacological study in adult patients (≥18 years) treated with ceftazidime/avibactam (CAZ/AVI) alone or with CAZ/AVI plus fosfomycin (FOS) for infection due to carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) (KPC and/or OXA-48).

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical issue, especially in Africa, with resistance to common antibiotics reaching 100% in some areas. In Tanzania, limited access to culture tests and antibiograms forces healthcare providers to rely on experience for prescribing, heightening AMR risks. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of mobile antibiograms in optimizing empirical antibiotic therapy in tertiary hospitals in Tanzania.

This is an explorative, mono-center study including prospectively collected patient samples from the University Hospital of Basel. It is to investigate antimicrobial resistance (AMR) including three clinical manifestations of infectious diseases: urinary tract infection, pneumonia and deep-seated infections. The focus is on four bacteria (E. coli, Klebsiella species, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa) that are part of the high priority list of World Health Organization (WHO). Residual patient samples are analysed for proteomic, metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis, immunocytochemical or fluorescence in-situ hybridisation (FISH) analysis, flow cytometry analysis (FACS) and immunophenotyping and exploration of bacterial properties.

A multicenter, national, prospective, observational pharmacological study of patients with difficult-to-treat Gram-negative infections treated with ceftazidime/avibactam (CAZ/AVI) or cefiderocol (CEF) monotherapy or combination therapy with ceftazidime/avibactam associated with fosfomycin (FOS) or cefiderocol associated with fosfomycin.