Autoantibody

10-20% of patients with ALS have anti-NRIP autoantibody and the titer of anti-NRIP autoantibody is correlated with motor functional decline and mortality in ALS. The PALADIN2 clinical trial is a single arm study, which intends to enroll 20 ALS patients having anti-NRIP autoantibody in plasma. Patients will receive 3 courses of plasmapheresis per 3 months in order to maintain low concentration of anti-NRIP autoantibody in plasma. The study will follow up these patients for another 6 months after plasmapheresis. This project will potentially confirm the efficacy and safety of plasmapheresis for ALS patients having anti-NRIP autoantibody.

Previous research has shown that some patients with atopic eczema have specific self-reactive antibodies, known as IgE autoantibodies, that react to their own skin cells, referred to as "self-reactive antibodies" or "autoantibodies". It is not yet known when and how these self-reactive antibodies develop, so this is what we aim to investigate. This study aims to examine the presence of self-reactive antibodies at birth. In other words, the investigators want to study the earliest stage of developing antibodies that target the body's own skin cells. Additionally, factors that contribute to the development of these self-reactive antibodies will be explored as well as the correlation with the development of atopic eczema. The study will involve newborns who are at an increased risk of developing atopic eczema due to a family history of asthma, hay fever, or atopic eczema. There will also be a control group of newborns without these characteristics. The study's approach is to examine a portion of the umbilical cord blood, which is routinely collected after birth, to investigate self-reactive antibodies. The goal is to determine whether these self-reactive antibodies are linked to the development of atopic eczema in the first two years of life. For this purpose, follow-ups will be conducted at the ages of 6, 12, and 24 months. This study will contribute to an increased understanding of the prevalence of self-reactive antibodies and the factors influencing their development. Moreover, the study will determine whether these antibodies play a role in the prevention of and/or serve as predictive factors for the development of atopic eczema.