Basal Ganglia Hemorrhage

This observational cohort study evaluates the real-world effectiveness and safety of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) versus standard medical management in adults with spontaneous deep intracerebral hemorrhage. Patients presenting to Tam Anh General Hospital and People's Hospital 115 within 72 hours of hemorrhage onset will be enrolled and followed for 180 days. Clinical, radiological, and treatment-related variables will be collected, with primary outcome measures including survival and functional outcomes during follow-up period.

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is one of the most devastating forms of stroke, with high rates of death and disability worldwide. Despite advances in medical and surgical care, effective therapeutic options remain limited. To address this gap, the RAINBOW-ICH trial has been designed as a nationwide, multicenter, randomized umbrella trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of AI-assisted, robotic-guided minimally invasive neurosurgery compared with conventional strategies across major ICH subtypes. Under a single master protocol, RAINBOW-ICH incorporates multiple parallel randomized controlled substudies, each targeting a distinct ICH population-large basal ganglia hemorrhage, moderate basal ganglia hemorrhage, intraventricular hemorrhage, and brainstem hemorrhage. This umbrella design allows efficient use of resources while generating high-quality evidence tailored to the specific needs of different ICH subgroups, thereby supporting a more patient-centered approach to care.

A nationwide, prospective, multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial to evaluate the therapeutic effects of the fiber tract-based artificial intelligence (AI) Robot Guiding System on the perioperative and long-term recovery of patients with moderate-volume basal ganglion hemorrhage.