Binge Eating Behaviour

Loss of control eating in children and adolescents is associated with a host of negative physical and psychological health outcomes and a prognostic marker for development of eating disorders. However, there is a lack of longitudinal research investigating the developmental processes contributing to loss of control eating in youth. While physical activity, sedentary behavior, and self-regulation have been linked to the regulation of eating, no research has examined the mechanistic processes by which these domains may together impact loss of control eating during childhood and adolescence. Furthermore, given that these factors (i.e., activity, self-regulation, and eating behavior) vary considerably from moment-to-moment, it is imperative to utilize methodology that can capture momentary, real-time fluctuations in these domains. Therefore, the current study proposes to use a biobehavioral, multi-method approach integrating neuroimaging, accelerometry, neurocognitive assessments, and ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to study how physical activity and sedentary behavior patterns and self-regulation influence loss of control eating and related eating disorder psychopathology from late childhood to adolescence, which is a critical transitional developmental period. Male and female children aged 10-12 at baseline (N=200) will be recruited to complete annual assessments for 3 years. Aim 1 (momentary) - Examine momentary associations between physical activity patterns, self-regulatory mechanisms (i.e., inhibitory control, emotion functioning, and food-related reward anticipation) and loss of control eating in daily life using multi-method ambulatory assessment. Hypothesis 1a: Momentary decreases in physical activity and increases in sedentary behavior, compared to one's usual level, will be associated with increases in loss of control eating. Hypothesis 1b: Momentary decreases in self-regulatory mechanisms (i.e., decreases in inhibitory control, emotion regulation, and positive affect, and increases in negative affect and food-related reward anticipation) will explain (i.e., mediate) associations between decreases in physical activity/increases in sedentary behavior and subsequent increases in loss of control eating. Aim 2 (longitudinal) - Examine longitudinal associations between physical activity patterns, self-regulatory mechanisms, and binge eating and related eating pathology (i.e., loss of control eating, binge episodes, eating disorder onset, global eating psychopathology) using multimethod ambulatory assessment and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Hypothesis 2: Across a three-year follow-up, children who show greater decreases in physical activity and increases in sedentary behavior, compared to other children, will demonstrate greater decreases in self-regulatory capacity (i.e., decreases in inhibitory control, emotion regulation, and positive affect, and increases in negative affect and food-related reward anticipation), which in turn will predict increases in binge eating and related eating pathology by year three. The hypothesis will be evaluated using self-regulation indices measured via EMA (Hypothesis 2a) and via task-evoked neural activations during fMRI (Hypothesis 2b).

This randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-design study aims to evaluate the neurophysiological effects of home-based transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on appetite in adults with binge eating tendencies. Participants will be randomly assigned to either an active tDCS group or a sham stimulation group. After baseline assessments, participants will self-administer home-based tDCS twice daily for 4 weeks using a wearable wellness device. Appetite, eating behavior, body composition, dietary intake, and psychological outcomes will be assessed throughout the study to evaluate both the acute and chronic effects of repeated tDCS.

The HALO trial is designed as a four-armed, assessor-blinded, fidelity-monitored randomized clinical trial. The goal of this randomized controlled study is to investigate the effectiveness of four different psychotherapy programs and to determine which one is most effective in reducing the number of binge-eating episodes in people with the eating disorder Binge Eating Disorder (BED), by directly comparing three intensities of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Enhanced against a manualized treatment as usual. Participants will be asked to complete a 21-weeks randomized intervention and participate in follow up assesments.

The goal of this controlled trial is to learn whether a brief single-session intervention (SSI) can reduce binge eating symptoms by targeting overvaluation of weight/shape in women with recurrent binge eating. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Does assessment alone reduce binge eating severity and overvaluation of weight/shape compared to a control group undergoing minimal assessment? * Does adding a values-based reflection and goal-setting component (the full SHAPE intervention) add benefits beyond the assessment alone? Researchers will compare three groups: 1. assessment-only, 2. full SHAPE intervention, and 3. minimal assessment control to see if both active conditions outperform the control, and whether the full intervention adds any benefits beyond the assessment itself Participants will: * Complete a semi-structured eating disorder assessment (Eating Disorder Examination) * Depending on assignment, also complete a values-based reflection and goal-setting exercise with psychoeducation * Complete follow-up assessments evaluating binge eating severity, overvaluation of weight/shape, clinical impairment, binge frequency, and related outcomes.