Ceserean Section

The aim of this prospective randomized double-blind study is to compare the effectiveness of routine antiemetic prophylaxis for the prevention of intraoperative nausea and vomiting (IONV) in non-fasted parturients undergoing emergency cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. Nausea and vomiting are common complications during cesarean delivery performed under spinal anesthesia and may negatively affect maternal comfort and perioperative safety. The incidence of these symptoms may be particularly increased in emergency cesarean sections involving non-fasted (full-stomach) parturients. This study compares two commonly used antiemetic strategies, namely 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonists and dopamine receptor antagonists, to determine their relative effectiveness in preventing IONV during surgery. The findings are expected to contribute to optimization of antiemetic prophylaxis protocols, improvement of maternal comfort, and reduction of perioperative complications associated with nausea and vomiting during emergency cesarean delivery.

The study examines surgical site infections and antimicrobial resistance following life-saving surgeries like C-sections and leg fracture repairs in Ethiopia. It does not include healthy volunteers because it specifically focuses on patients who require these urgent operations due to medical necessity. Eligible participants are those undergoing these specific procedures at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital or other participating public hospitals. While the birth-related portion is for females, the trauma portion includes both men and women, generally of reproductive or working age with no upper age limit. People are excluded if they are having elective surgeries, cannot provide consent, or cannot be reached for the two-year follow-up period. The researchers use a mixed intervention based on the "Clean Cut" safety bundle, which includes staff training, surgical checklists, and regular audits. The main goals are to measure infection rates within 30 days of surgery and track how well patients can function in their daily lives using the WHODAS scale up to 24 months later.