Chemotherapy-Induced Thrombocytopenia

This is a multicenter, prospective, single-arm, phase II clinical study evaluating the early prophylactic use of recombinant human thrombopoietin (rhTPO) to prevent thrombocytopenia associated with the EAP regimen for hematopoietic stem cell mobilization. The EAP regimen consists of etoposide, cytarabine, and pegylated granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (pegfilgrastim) and is used for hematopoietic stem cell mobilization before autologous stem cell transplantation in patients with multiple myeloma and B-cell lymphoma. Severe thrombocytopenia is a common complication during EAP-based stem cell mobilization and may increase the risk of bleeding and the need for platelet transfusions, and may sometimes delay stem cell collection. In this study, patients whose platelet counts decrease to ≤80 × 10⁹/L after EAP chemotherapy will receive rhTPO early as a preventive treatment. The study will evaluate whether early rhTPO administration can reduce the incidence of clinically significant bleeding and the need for platelet transfusion while maintaining adequate hematopoietic stem cell mobilization. The study will also monitor platelet counts, stem cell collection outcomes, and treatment-related adverse events to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of early rhTPO administration.

This is a prospective, randomized, open-label, active-controlled study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Romiplostim N01 plus all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) compared with Romiplostim N01 alone in adults with persistent isolated chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia (PICIT) after complete remission of selected gynecologic, breast, or lung solid tumors, including but not limited to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), ovarian cancer, and breast cancer. Eligible participants will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive Romiplostim N01 plus oral ATRA or Romiplostim N01 alone for 12 weeks, with follow-up through Week 24. The primary outcome is the overall platelet response rate at Week 12, defined as platelet count \>50 x 10\^9/L in at least 2 of the last 3 scheduled platelet assessments up to Week 12. Secondary outcomes include sustained response during Weeks 13 to 24, complete and partial response rates, duration of response, time to response, platelet count changes, platelet transfusion requirements, bleeding events, and safety.

This is a prospective, randomized, open-label, active-controlled study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Romiplostim N01 plus all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) compared with Romiplostim N01 alone in adults with persistent isolated chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia (PICIT) after complete remission of gastrointestinal/digestive system solid tumors, including but not limited to gastrointestinal tract, pancreatic, and colorectal cancers. Eligible participants will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive Romiplostim N01 plus oral ATRA or Romiplostim N01 alone for 12 weeks, with follow-up through Week 24. The primary outcome is the overall platelet response rate at Week 12, defined as platelet count \>50 x 10\^9/L in at least 2 of the last 3 scheduled platelet assessments up to Week 12. Secondary outcomes include sustained response during Weeks 13 to 24, complete and partial response rates, duration of response, time to response, platelet count changes, platelet transfusion requirements, bleeding events, and safety.

The goal of this clinical trial is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of romiplostim N01 in treating chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia (CIT) in children and adolescents/young adults (CAYA; aged 6-24 years) with hematologic malignancies or solid tumors. The main questions it aims to answer are: * What proportion of participants achieve platelet count recovery (≥100×10⁹/L or an increase of ≥30×10⁹/L from baseline) within 3 weeks of romiplostim N01 treatment? * What is the safety profile of romiplostim N01 in this population, including the incidence and severity of adverse events (especially bleeding and thrombosis)? This is a single-arm study (no comparison group). Researchers will assess the outcomes against predefined efficacy thresholds and historical data (e.g., a 60.7% response rate reported for another TPO-RA, hetrombopag). Participants will: * Receive weekly subcutaneous injections of romiplostim N01 (starting dose: 2 µg/kg). * Have their romiplostim dose adjusted weekly based on platelet counts (increase by 1-2 µg/kg if platelets \<99×10⁹/L, maximum dose 10 µg/kg, stop when target recovery is met). * Undergo frequent monitoring, including blood tests (especially platelet counts), vital signs, physical exams, and assessment for adverse events and bleeding throughout the treatment and follow-up period.

The goal of this clinical trial is to to assess the efficacy of romiplostim as a supportive care measure in patients with a new diagnosis of Ewing sarcoma receiving interval-compressed chemotherapy. The main questions it aims to answer are: 1. To demonstrate the efficacy of romiplostim in patients with newly diagnosed Ewing sarcoma, measured specifically as the rate of CIT, defined as a failure to achieve platelet recovery (≥ 75,000/µL post nadir, without transfusion, or a platelet count sufficient to resume chemotherapy per provider and institutional standard) within 7 days of planned chemotherapy cycle start, measured during the continuation phase (cycle 7 to end of cycle 13 or 16, per AEWS0031/AEWS1221, or AEWS1031 respectively) of interval-compressed chemotherapy (every 2 week vincristine/cyclophosphamide +/- doxorubicin and ifosfamide/etoposide chemotherapy) as compared to published institutional historical control rate. 2. To determine the safety of incorporation of romiplostim supportive care when given concurrently with Ewing sarcoma therapy. 3. To determine the feasibility of incorporation of romiplostim supportive care into upfront Ewing sarcoma regimens.

Introduction: The number of diagnosed cancers is systematically increasing every year. Cancer patients need to undergo regular blood tests to monitor safety and eligibility for treatment. In case of poor blood results, the chemotherapy session must be omitted. For patients living far from the center, this means unnecessary travel with involvement of helpers, additional costs, increased potential of hospital acquired infections, and frustration associated with missed opportunity for treatment. Aims: The primary aim of this study is to gain knowledge about successful implementation of remote, home monitoring of complete blood count to cancer patients during and after systemic treatment for cancer. The secondary aim of the AMBeR collective study protocol is to pilot new technology, gain more context around future investigations and verify costs and changes in patient treatment pathways. Methodology: The investigators will test implementation of home blood monitoring in three South Baltic Countries (DK, PL, GER). Each site will participate in the implementation study with study group á n=33 (total n=165) and control group n=20 (total n=100). The duration of the study is planned for 4 cycles of chemotherapy for each patient and a 3-month follow up period. The first cycle of learning and training at the Outpatient Daily Clinic, then the remaining 3 cycles of blood monitoring at home. The average cycle length is 21-30 days, number of measurements will be determined individually depending on the diagnosis. At a baseline, after 4 cycles of chemotherapy (12-16 weeks) and after a 3-month follow-up period, parallel studies will be carried out in both the study and control groups, using mixed methods the investigators will assess outcomes of reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation and maintenance (RE-AIM). Expected benefits: Implementation of the AMBeR study should reduce the amount of unnecessary and nontherapeutic hospital visits and improve manageability and independence of the patients. The investigators believe that the decrease in the number of hospital visits will diminish the risk of infection for vulnerable individuals, as well as save costs for patients and hospitals. These factors will also translate into better logistics of chemotherapy units, decreased carbon-dioxide trail, and improved quality of life and patient empowerment.

The study consists of five sequential periods: * Screening (≤ 4 weeks) * Correction phase * Maintenance phase (first treatment cycle, Cycle 1) * Observation phase (second treatment cycle, Cycle 2) * Follow-up Eligible subjects are gynaecological-cancer patients who developed ≥ grade-2 cancer-therapy-induced thrombocytopenia (CTIT) after anti-tumour therapy, i.e. platelet count \< 75 × 10⁹/L. * Stage 1\*\* - Prospective, multicentre, randomised clinical study (to inform the confirmatory stage 2) \*\*Cohort 1 (n = 30)\*\* Correction: hetrombopag 7.5 mg p.o. daily until PLT ≥ 100 × 10⁹/L. Within 24 h after completion of Cycle 1 anti-cancer therapy (end of chemotherapy if combined; otherwise end of investigational product on that day) restart hetrombopag 7.5 mg p.o. daily and continue until the last day of Cycle 1 (C1D21). \*\*Cohort 2 (n = 30)\*\* Correction: hetrombopag 7.5 mg p.o. daily until PLT ≥ 100 × 10⁹/L. During Cycle 1, monitor PLT closely; if PLT falls \< 75 × 10⁹/L, initiate hetrombopag 7.5 mg p.o. daily and continue until C1D21. \*\*Stage 2\*\* - Prospective, multicentre, randomised, controlled clinical study \*(preliminary design; sample size and details will be refined after stage-1 results)\* \*\*Experimental arm (n = 92)\*\* Correction: hetrombopag 7.5 mg p.o. daily until PLT ≥ 100 × 10⁹/L. Restart within 24 h after completion of Cycle 1 therapy and continue daily until C1D21. \*\*Control arm (n = 92)\*\* Correction: hetrombopag 7.5 mg p.o. daily until PLT ≥ 100 × 10⁹/L. During Cycle 1, monitor PLT; if PLT \< 75 × 10⁹/L, initiate hetrombopag 7.5 mg p.o. daily until C1D21. \*\*Correction-phase rules\*\* Discontinue hetrombopag once PLT ≥ 100 × 10⁹/L. If after ≥ 14 days of hetrombopag correction PLT remains \< 100 × 10⁹/L and the next treatment cycle has not started, the investigator may resume hetrombopag or institute alternative platelet-enhancing rescue therapy at their discretion.

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Romiplostim N01 to treat chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia in tumors

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Herombopag to treat chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia in Solid Tumors

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of eltrombopag to treat chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia in solid tumors

Randomized, controlled, open study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Hetrombopag in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia(CIT) in patients with acute myeloid leukemia