Cognitive Dysfunction, Cognitive Disorder

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of adaptive computerized cognitive training (CCT) in improving cognitive function among community-dwelling older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and to compare the maintenance effects of different training frequencies after the initial intervention. A quasi-experimental study will be conducted in three communities in Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China. All participants will receive a 12-week adaptive CCT program. Participants will be assigned to either a high-frequency maintenance training group or a training discontinuation group. Cognitive assessments will be performed at baseline, immediately after the intervention, and during follow-up. The primary outcome is global cognitive function, while secondary outcomes include memory, attention, executive function, language, visuospatial ability, and activities of daily living. The findings of this study are expected to provide evidence for optimizing computerized cognitive training programs and long-term management strategies for older adults with MCI in community settings.

This study evaluates a non-invasive electrical stimulation therapy applied to specific acupoints on the fingers (called Jing-Well points) to improve thinking and memory problems after stroke. Purpose: Many stroke survivors develop cognitive difficulties (problems with memory, attention, and decision-making). Current treatments are limited. This study tests whether gentle electrical stimulation to hand acupoints can improve these symptoms. Who can participate: Adults aged \[35-80\] who have had an ischemic stroke and now have mild to moderate cognitive impairment. What happens: Participants will be randomly assigned to receive either (1) active electrical stimulation to hand Jing-Well points, (2) sham (fake) stimulation. Treatment will last 4 weeks, 6 sessions per week, each 30 minutes, with a stimulation frequency of 10 Hz and intensity adjusted to each participant's tolerance. Cognitive tests and brain imaging will be done before and after treatment. Potential benefits: Participants may experience improved cognitive function. The study will also help researchers understand how this therapy works in the brain. Risks: The electrical stimulation may cause mild tingling or skin irritation at the electrode sites. Brain imaging is non-invasive and safe. All procedures will be performed by trained professionals.

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn more about the home-based epilepsy self-management program, HOBSCOTCH, for improving cognitive function (thinking and memory) and quality of life specifically in young adults, ages 18 - 29 years, who have epilepsy. It will also learn if a modification of the program for youth with epilepsy, ages 13 - 17, improves thinking and memory and quality of life and reduces stress for their parents. Researchers will enroll 260 young adults with epilepsy and 40 youth with epilepsy and their parent or guardian. Researchers will compare responses to questionnaires and surveys before and after participation in the HOBSCOTCH program to see if thinking, memory and quality of life have improved for young adults and youth with epilepsy and to see if parents have improved quality of life as well. Participants will: * Attend 9 weekly one-hour sessions of the HOBSCOTH program in their homes with a one-on-one coach using their computer or their phone; youth with epilepsy (ages 13 - 17) will attend alongside a parent or legal guardian. * Keep a short daily diary about their seizures and activity in the program using a smart phone app(lication) * Complete surveys and questionnaires before HOBSCOTCH and 3 months and 6 months later. There are no study visits to a medical center. HOBSCOTCH is a virtual or telehealth intervention.

This prospective, randomized, single-blind, controlled clinical trial aims to evaluate and compare the efficacy of cognitive-based balance rehabilitation delivered via immersive Virtual Reality (VR) versus traditional Dual-Task Training (DTT) on balance, gait, cognitive functions, and quality of life in patients with Parkinson's Disease (PD). Postural instability and cognitive decline are hallmark features of progressive PD that significantly elevate fall risks and compromise daily independence, yet conventional pharmacological therapies offer limited effectiveness in restoring complex postural control. Given that motor and cognitive processes are intrinsically linked, this study addresses a critical gap in neurorehabilitation by investigating two contemporary modalities designed to challenge these systems simultaneously. A total of 34 participants diagnosed with PD (aged 40-80 years, Hoehn and Yahr stages I-III) will be randomly allocated to either the Dual-Task Group (DTG), receiving structured therapeutic exercises integrated with sequential cognitive tasks, or the Virtual Reality Group (VRG), engaging in an immersive balance program utilizing the Oculus Quest 2® headset with the FIT-XR application. Both groups will undergo an identical intervention protocol consisting of 45-minute supervised sessions, conducted twice weekly for 8 consecutive weeks during their pharmacological "on" phase. Standardized assessments will be performed by a blinded clinician at baseline and post-intervention (Week 8). The primary outcome measures will be dynamic balance and gait assessed through the Mini-Balance Evaluations Systems Test (Mini-BESTest) alongside global cognitive performance measured via the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Secondary outcomes will encompass objective posturographic indices using the Biodex Balance System, motor severity via the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS-III), freezing of gait, health-related quality of life, global perceived improvement, and potential cyber-sickness symptoms monitored through the Virtual Reality Sickness Questionnaire (VRSQ) to comprehensively determine the safety and comparative therapeutic value of these interventions.

The DIV-AD study aims to find out whether levels of Alzheimer's disease markers in blood differ among the main ethnical groups living in central Barcelona. It will also examine how factors such as age, income, education, and health conditions may affect these levels. In addition, the study will identify barriers that may make it difficult to use these blood tests in primary care. The final goal is to help ensure that everyone in Barcelona has fair access to early prevention strategies for Alzheimer's disease.

This prospective study recruited 20 healthy volunteers and 50 patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) according to clinical guidelines. Participants underwent AV45/AV-1 and AV1451 PET imaging to obtain information on Aβ protein deposition, tau protein distribution, and structural and functional information. The study aims to evaluate the value of multimodal imaging features in the diagnosis and progression assessment of AD, providing imaging evidence for novel treatment modalities such as lecanemab therapy and deep cervical vein-lymphatic anastomosis.