Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS)

This study investigates the clinical effects of an individually tailored rehabilitation program for patients with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS). A randomized multiple-baseline single-case experimental design (SCED) will be used to evaluate individual changes in CRPS interference with daily activities, pain, and limb function during rehabilitation. Treatment components will be adjusted according to each participant's needs and response to treatment. The study will also use magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to investigate brain structure in patients with CRPS compared with healthy controls and to examine whether brain structure changes over time in patients with CRPS.

This study aims to perform the cross-cultural adaptation of the Revised Bath Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Body Perception Disturbance Scale (r-B-CRPS-BPDS) into Turkish and to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version in adults with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS). Adult participants diagnosed with CRPS according to the Budapest clinical diagnostic criteria will be included. Participants will complete the Turkish r-B-CRPS-BPDS together with measures of kinesiophobia, health-related quality of life, and pain intensity. CRPS clinical severity will also be assessed. Construct validity, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, measurement error, and floor and ceiling effects of the Turkish r-B-CRPS-BPDS will be evaluated. For test-retest reliability, clinically stable participants will complete the r-B-CRPS-BPDS again after 7-10 days. The study is intended to provide a culturally adapted, valid, and reliable Turkish version of the r-B-CRPS-BPDS for assessing body perception disturbance in individuals with CRPS.

Pain avoidance helps with survival. However, chronic pain patients often avoid valued life activities fearing onset or exacerbation of pain. Hence, pain avoidance no longer protects, but reduces quality of life. The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if non-invasive brain stimulation technique called transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) impact pain avoidance behavior in chronic pain patients. tACS is a way to gently stimulate the brain using a small, portable device. It sends an extremely weak, continuous alternating current through the scalp. Participants will either get real tACS or a fake (sham) version. Real tACS will stimulate the brain in the alpha frequency (8-12 Hz) which has been found to influence pain avoidance behavior, whereas sham tACS will stimulate the brain in a different frequency that is not known to influence avoidance behavior. The main questions it aims to answer are: Does tACS alter the way chronic pain patients confront pain in terms of avoidance behavior? How does tACS impact brain signals related to pain avoidance behavior? Participants will: 1. fill out self-administered questionnaires asking about their medication use, personality and temperament, mood, including anxiety and depression, current pain level, and any disability you have due to your pain. 2. perform of a pain avoidance task before, during and after 'real' tACS or 'sham' tACS. They may also be asked to stay quiet before, during and after tACS. During this period, we will scan the brain using a neuroimaging device called Magnetoencephalography (MEG). Additionally, Electroencephalography (EEG) brain signals will also be collected using electrodes affixed to the scalp. We may also measure Skin conductance response (SCR) and electrocardiography (EKG) using electrodes affixed to the skin. 3. also get a T1 MRI if they do not have an implanted SCS, DRG, intrathecal pump, or other similar device that are not MRI compatible.

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive therapy increasingly used in facilities treating patients with chronic pain. This complementary therapy has the advantage of being non-pharmacological, with transient and mild side effects, an excellent safety profile, and good efficacy in the contexts where it has been the subject of dedicated research: neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia, and visceral pain. Few studies have focused on the application of tDCS in the context of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), which is a common condition.

This study aims to evaluate the representation of action peripersonal space (PPS) in subjects suffering from unilateral segmental exclusion syndrome of the upper limb compared to healthy control subjects. Segmental exclusion is defined by non-use or under-use of a limb segment without central nervous system damage. The study hypothesizes that this syndrome leads to a modification (shrinkage) of the PPS representation. Participants will perform reachability judgments in a Virtual Reality (VR) environment.

This research study looks at the feasibility of using a new treatment, noninvasively activating the brain through repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to treat pain symptoms of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). This study will help us determine if this technique is feasible (able to recruit participants and if the research activities are feasible and can be used to treat CRPS patients with pain in a larger study. The investigators will also examine how TMS can be personalized to individuals using an individual's brain activity measured using EEG. The investigators will also study whether the effects of TMS are stronger if the TMS is delivered during a specific timing of the EEG activity.